A motivational perspective on the relation between mental effort and performance: Optimizing learner involvement in instruction
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In the context of cognitive load theory, Paas et al. (2005) introduced 'task involvement' as a measure of resource allocation: it is high when learners show relatively high performance combined with high invested mental effort; it is low when learners show relatively low performance in combination with low invested mental effort.
“In the context of cognitive load theory, Paas et al. (2005) introduced ' task involvement ' as a measure of resource allocation: it is high when learners show relatively high performance combined with high invested mental effort ( ' no pain, no gain ' ); it is low when learners show relatively low performance in combination with low invested mental effort.”
From Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later (2019) · cites this paper as Paas et al. (2005)
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References 45 · Cited by 401
- Authors
- Paas, F., Tuovinen, J. E., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Aubteen Darabi, A.
- Affiliations
- Open University of the Netherlands (NL)
- Charles Darwin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Paas, Fred
- ORCID
- Paas, Fred
- Venue
- Educational Technology Research and Development
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 25-34
- ISSN
- 1042-1629 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-6501
- OpenAlex
- W2127607471
- Semantic Scholar
- 837ef6ea0d223618dacf44edaddab3a0ccab6ce8
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 13.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.ou.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Educational Technology Research and Development (publishedVersion)
- DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Keywords
- student motivation, cognitive effort, cognitive load, online learning, instructional design, transfer of learning, student involvement, instructional conditions
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