Interleukin-6-(IL-6) plasma levels in depression and schizophrenia: comparison between the acute state and after remission
Abstract
The concentration of cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to be elevated in depressed and schizophrenic patients and, in healthy persons, upon stress. Interleukin-6 plasma levels were determined in depressed (n = 12) and schizophrenic (n = 32) patients during the acute state of illness and after remission at approximately 8 weeks after admission and were compared with healthy controls (n = 12). Patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R by the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). Severity of illness was assessed for depression by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and for schizophrenia by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Interleukin-6 plasma concentrations were elevated during the acute state either of depression or of schizophrenia if compared to controls. After remission, IL-6 concentrations in depressed and in schizophrenic patients had decreased and did not differ significantly from controls. We hypothesize that the elevated IL-6 levels during the acute state of depression or schizophrenia may reflect an unspecific stress response.
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Antidepressant medication treatments are associated with decreases in levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 in a manner correlated with expected reductions in depressive symptoms, although evidence is mixed.
“antidepressant medication treatments have been found to be associated with decreases in levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL-2, and IL-6 in a manner that is correlated with the expected reductions in depressive symptoms”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Frommberger et al., 1997
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References 35 · Cited by 362
- Authors
- Frommberger, U. H., Bauer, J., Haselbauer, P., Fräulin, A., Riemann, D., & Berger, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- ORCID
- Riemann, Dieter
- Venue
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 247
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 228-233
- ISSN
- 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
- 0940-1334
- 1433-8491
- OpenAlex
- W2050442674
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, plasma cytokines, depression, schizophrenia, remission, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Interleukin-6
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