CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 11

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Non-isometry, state dependence and holography

Antonini, Stefano, Balasubramanian, Vijay, Bao, Ning, Cao, ChunJun, Chemissany, Wissam·2025·Journal of High Energy Physics
DOI 10.1007/jhep02(2025)150
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A bstract: We establish an equivalence between non-isometry of quantum codes and state dependence of operator reconstruction, and discuss implications of this equivalence for holographic duality. Specifically, we define quantitative measures of non-isometry and state dependence and describe bounds relating these quantities. In the context of holography we show that, assuming known gravitational path integral results for overlaps between semiclassical states, non-isometric bulk-to-boundary maps with a trivial kernel are approximately isometric and bulk reconstruction approximately state-independent. In contrast, non-isometric maps with a non-empty kernel always lead to state-dependent reconstruction. We also show that if a global bulk-to-boundary map is non-isometric, then there exists a region in the bulk which is causally disconnected from the boundary. Finally, we conjecture that, under certain physical assumptions for the definition of the Hilbert space of effective field theory in AdS space, the presence of a global horizon implies a non-isometric global bulk-to-boundary map.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/jhep02(2025)150

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Geometric black hole microstate with a spherically-symmetric shell of pressureless matter behind the horizon. In the bottom half of the figure we show the Euclidean preparation of the microstate via the gravitational Euclidean path integral. In the top half we depict the corresponding Lorentzian geometry. We are considering here the case where the two exterior geometries are identical, but generically the two black holes can be at different temperatures [16, 64, 80]. Shells of different mass, evolved for accordingly different amounts of Euclidean times, give rise to identical exterior geometries but different interior geometries, and therefore give rise to different black hole microstates.
Figure 1 Geometric black hole microstate with a spherically-symmetric shell of pressureless matter behind the horizon. In the bottom half of the figure we show the Euclidean preparation of the microstate via the gravitational Euclidean path integral. In the top half we depict the corresponding Lorentzian geometry. We are considering here the case where the two exterior geometries are identical, but generically the two black holes can be at different temperatures [16, 64, 80]. Shells of different mass, evolved for accordingly different amounts of Euclidean times, give rise to identical exterior geometries but different interior geometries, and therefore give rise to different black hole microstates.CC-BY · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 10 references

Research works printed but not linked: 104

  1. J.D. Bekenstein, Black holes and the second law, Lett. Nuovo Cim. 4 (1972) 737 [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  2. J.D. Bekenstein, Black holes and entropy, Phys. Rev. D 7 (1973) 2333 [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  3. J.D. Bekenstein, Generalized second law of thermodynamics in black hole physics, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3292 [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  4. S.W. Hawking, Black hole explosions, Nature 248 (1974) 30 [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  5. G. ’t Hooft, Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity, Conf. Proc. C 930308 (1993) 284 [gr-qc/9310026] [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  6. L. Susskind, The world as a hologram, J. Math. Phys. 36 (1995) 6377 [hep-th/9409089] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  7. J.M. Maldacena, The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 231 [hep-th/9711200] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  8. E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter space and holography, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 253 [hep-th/9802150] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  9. S.S. Gubser, I.R. Klebanov and A.M. Polyakov, Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory, Phys. Lett. B 428 (1998) 105 [hep-th/9802109] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  10. O. Aharony et al., Large N field theories, string theory and gravity, Phys. Rept. 323 (2000) 183 [hep-th/9905111] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  11. A. Almheiri, N. Engelhardt, D. Marolf and H. Maxfield, The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole, JHEP 12 (2019) 063 [arXiv:1905.08762] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  12. V. Balasubramanian, A. Lawrence, J.M. Magan and M. Sasieta, Microscopic Origin of the Entropy of Black Holes in General Relativity, Phys. Rev. X 14 (2024) 011024 [arXiv:2212.02447] [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  13. V. Balasubramanian, A. Lawrence, J.M. Magan and M. Sasieta, Microscopic Origin of the Entropy of Astrophysical Black Holes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 141501 [arXiv:2212.08623] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  14. M. Guica and D.L. Jafferis, On the construction of charged operators inside an eternal black hole, SciPost Phys. 3 (2017) 016 [arXiv:1511.05627] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  15. D. Harlow, Wormholes, Emergent Gauge Fields, and the Weak Gravity Conjecture, JHEP 01 (2016) 122 [arXiv:1510.07911] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  16. D. Harlow and D. Jafferis, The Factorization Problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim Gravity, JHEP 02 (2020) 177 [arXiv:1804.01081] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  17. G. Penington and E. Witten, Algebras and States in JT Gravity, arXiv:2301.07257 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  18. J. Boruch, L.V. Iliesiu, G. Lin and C. Yan, How the Hilbert space of two-sided black holes factorises, arXiv:2406.04396 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  19. B.J. William and J. Lindenstrauss, Extensions of lipschitz mapping into hilbert space, Contemporary mathematics 26 (1984) 323. https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/026/737400. · DOI
  20. E.J. Candes and T. Tao, Near-Optimal Signal Recovery From Random Projections: Universal Encoding Strategies?, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 52 (2006) 5406. · DOI
  21. R. Chao, B.W. Reichardt, C. Sutherland and T. Vidick, Overlapping qubits, arXiv:1701.01062 [https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.48]. · DOI
  22. H. Buhrman, R. Cleve, J. Watrous and R. de Wolf, Quantum Fingerprinting, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 167902 [quant-ph/0102001] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  23. C.J. Cao, W. Chemissany, A. Jahn and Z. Zimborás, Overlapping qubits from non-isometric maps and de Sitter tensor networks, Nature Commun. 16 (2025) 163 [arXiv:2304.02673] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  24. C. Akers and G. Penington, Quantum minimal surfaces from quantum error correction, SciPost Phys. 12 (2022) 157 [arXiv:2109.14618] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  25. C. Akers et al., The black hole interior from non-isometric codes and complexity, JHEP 06 (2024) 155 [arXiv:2207.06536] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  26. V. Balasubramanian, A. Kar, C. Li and O. Parrikar, Quantum error correction in the black hole interior, JHEP 07 (2023) 189 [arXiv:2203.01961] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  27. C. Akers and G. Penington, Leading order corrections to the quantum extremal surface prescription, JHEP 04 (2021) 062 [arXiv:2008.03319] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  28. C.J. Cao and B. Lackey, Approximate Bacon-Shor Code and Holography, JHEP 05 (2021) 127 [arXiv:2010.05960] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  29. O. DeWolfe and K. Higginbotham, Non-isometric codes for the black hole interior from fundamental and effective dynamics, JHEP 09 (2023) 068 [arXiv:2304.12345] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  30. O. DeWolfe and K. Higginbotham, Bulk reconstruction and non-isometry in the backwards-forwards holographic black hole map, JHEP 06 (2024) 126 [arXiv:2311.12921] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  31. M. Steinberg, S. Feld and A. Jahn, Holographic codes from hyperinvariant tensor networks, Nature Commun. 14 (2023) 7314 [arXiv:2304.02732] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  32. G. Bueller, O. DeWolfe and K. Higginbotham, Tensor networks for black hole interiors: non-isometries, quantum extremal surfaces, and wormholes, JHEP 10 (2024) 012 [arXiv:2407.01666] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  33. N. Engelhardt and A.C. Wall, Quantum Extremal Surfaces: Holographic Entanglement Entropy beyond the Classical Regime, JHEP 01 (2015) 073 [arXiv:1408.3203] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  34. T. Faulkner, The holographic map as a conditional expectation, arXiv:2008.04810 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  35. P. Hayden et al., Holographic duality from random tensor networks, JHEP 11 (2016) 009 [arXiv:1601.01694] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  36. P. Hayden and G. Penington, Learning the Alpha-bits of Black Holes, JHEP 12 (2019) 007 [arXiv:1807.06041] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  37. C.-J. Cao, From Quantum Codes to Gravity: a Journey of Gravitizing Quantum Mechanics, Universe 8 (2021) 1 [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  38. K. Papadodimas and S. Raju, Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 211601 [arXiv:1502.06692] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  39. K. Papadodimas and S. Raju, Remarks on the necessity and implications of state-dependence in the black hole interior, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 084049 [arXiv:1503.08825] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  40. K. Papadodimas and S. Raju, Black Hole Interior in the Holographic Correspondence and the Information Paradox, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 051301 [arXiv:1310.6334] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  41. D. Marolf and J. Polchinski, Violations of the Born rule in cool state-dependent horizons, JHEP 01 (2016) 008 [arXiv:1506.01337] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  42. B. Yoshida, Firewalls vs. Scrambling, JHEP 10 (2019) 132 [arXiv:1902.09763] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  43. N. Engelhardt, G. Penington and A. Shahbazi-Moghaddam, A world without pythons would be so simple, Class. Quant. Grav. 38 (2021) 234001 [arXiv:2102.07774] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  44. N. Engelhardt, G. Penington and A. Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Finding pythons in unexpected places, Class. Quant. Grav. 39 (2022) 094002 [arXiv:2105.09316] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  45. D. Achlioptas, Database-friendly random projections: Johnson-Lindenstrauss with binary coins, J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 66 (2003) 671. · DOI
  46. E. Bingham and H. Mannila, Random projection in dimensionality reduction: applications to image and text data, in the proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., 26–29 August (2001) [https://doi.org/10.1145/502512.502546]. · DOI
  47. M. Adam, Applications of unitary k-designs in quantum information processing [online], master’s thesis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno (2013), https://is.muni.cz/th/sps7e/?lang=en.
  48. A. Kaznatcheev, Structure of exact and approximate unitary t-designs, (2010), https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12872632.
  49. C. Akers, A. Levine, G. Penington and E. Wildenhain, One-shot holography, SciPost Phys. 16 (2024) 144 [arXiv:2307.13032] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  50. R. Bousso and G. Penington, Entanglement wedges for gravitating regions, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 086002 [arXiv:2208.04993] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  51. R. Bousso and G. Penington, Holograms in our world, Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023) 046007 [arXiv:2302.07892] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  52. V. Balasubramanian and C. Cummings, The entropy of finite gravitating regions, arXiv:2312.08434 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  53. V. Balasubramanian et al., Quantum geometry and gravitational entropy, JHEP 12 (2007) 067 [arXiv:0705.4431] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  54. A. Climent et al., Universal construction of black hole microstates, Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 086024 [arXiv:2401.08775] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  55. V. Balasubramanian et al., Factorization of the Hilbert space of eternal black holes in general relativity, JHEP 01 (2025) 046 [arXiv:2410.00091] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  56. A. Belin and J. de Boer, Random statistics of OPE coefficients and Euclidean wormholes, Class. Quant. Grav. 38 (2021) 164001 [arXiv:2006.05499] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  57. M. Sasieta, Wormholes from heavy operator statistics in AdS/CFT, JHEP 03 (2023) 158 [arXiv:2211.11794] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  58. S. Antonini and P. Rath, Do holographic CFT states have unique semiclassical bulk duals?, arXiv:2408.02720 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  59. S. Antonini, M. Sasieta and B. Swingle, Cosmology from random entanglement, JHEP 11 (2023) 188 [arXiv:2307.14416] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  60. J. Chandra, S. Collier, T. Hartman and A. Maloney, Semiclassical 3D gravity as an average of large-c CFTs, JHEP 12 (2022) 069 [arXiv:2203.06511] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  61. J. Chandra and T. Hartman, Toward random tensor networks and holographic codes in CFT, JHEP 05 (2023) 109 [arXiv:2302.02446] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  62. I. Kourkoulou and J. Maldacena, Pure states in the SYK model and nearly-AdS2 gravity, arXiv:1707.02325 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  63. A. Almheiri, A. Mousatov and M. Shyani, Escaping the interiors of pure boundary-state black holes, JHEP 02 (2023) 024 [arXiv:1803.04434] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  64. S. Cooper et al., Black hole microstate cosmology, JHEP 07 (2019) 065 [arXiv:1810.10601] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  65. S. Antonini and B. Swingle, Cosmology at the end of the world, Nature Phys. 16 (2020) 881 [arXiv:1907.06667] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  66. S. Antonini and B. Swingle, Holographic boundary states and dimensionally reduced braneworld spacetimes, Phys. Rev. D 104 (2021) 046023 [arXiv:2105.02912] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  67. C. Waddell, Bottom-up holographic models for cosmology, JHEP 09 (2022) 176 [arXiv:2203.03096] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  68. S. Antonini and L.G.C. Bariuan, Magnetic braneworlds: cosmology and wormholes, JHEP 09 (2024) 070 [arXiv:2405.18465] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  69. H. Geng and Y. Jiang, Microscopic Origin of the Entropy of Single-sided Black Holes, arXiv:2409.12219 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  70. J. Chandra and T. Hartman, Coarse graining pure states in AdS/CFT, JHEP 10 (2023) 030 [arXiv:2206.03414] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  71. A. Hamilton, D.N. Kabat, G. Lifschytz and D.A. Lowe, Local bulk operators in AdS/CFT: a boundary view of horizons and locality, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 086003 [hep-th/0506118] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  72. E.P. Wigner, Characteristic Vectors of Bordered Matrices With Infinite Dimensions, Annals Math. 62 (1955) 548. · DOI
  73. G.W. Anderson, A. Guionnet and O. Zeitouni, An Introduction to Random Matrices, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, Cambridge University Press (2009). · DOI
  74. F. Götze and A. Tikhomirov, The rate of convergence for spectra of GUE and LUE matrix ensembles, Central European Journal of Mathematics 3 (2005) 666. · DOI
  75. L.A. Pastur and V.A. Marčenko, Distribution of Eigenvalues for Some Sets of Random Matrices, Math. USSR Sb. 1 (1967) 457 [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  76. C.A. Tracy and H. Widom, The distributions of random matrix theory and their applications, in New Trends in Mathematical Physics, V. Sidoravičius ed., Springer Netherlands (2009), pp. 753–765. · DOI
  77. Y.G. Sinai and A.B. Soshnikov, A refinement of Wigner’s semicircle law in a neighborhood of the spectrum edge for random symmetric matrices, Funct. Anal. Appl. 32 (1998) 114. · DOI
  78. Y. Sinai and A. Soshnikov, Central limit theorem for traces of large random symmetric matrices with independent matrix elements, Bulletin Brazilian Mathematical Society 29 (1998) 1. · DOI
  79. A. Soshnikov, Universality at the edge of the spectrum in Wigner random matrices, math-ph/9907013 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s002200050743]. · DOI
  80. G. Aubrun, A Sharp Small Deviation Inequality for the Largest Eigenvalue of a Random Matrix, in Séminaire de Probabilités XXXVIII, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2004), p. 320–337 [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31449-3_22]. · DOI
  81. N. Engelhardt, G. Penington and A. Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Twice upon a time: timelike-separated quantum extremal surfaces, JHEP 01 (2024) 033 [arXiv:2308.16226] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  82. R. Bousso and M. Tomašević, Unitarity From a Smooth Horizon?, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 106019 [arXiv:1911.06305] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  83. R. Bousso and E. Wildenhain, Islands in closed and open universes, Phys. Rev. D 105 (2022) 086012 [arXiv:2202.05278] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  84. V. Balasubramanian, P. Kraus and A.E. Lawrence, Bulk versus boundary dynamics in anti-de Sitter space-time, Phys. Rev. D 59 (1999) 046003 [hep-th/9805171] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  85. V. Balasubramanian, S.B. Giddings and A.E. Lawrence, What do CFTs tell us about Anti-de Sitter space-times?, JHEP 03 (1999) 001 [hep-th/9902052] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  86. A. Hamilton, D.N. Kabat, G. Lifschytz and D.A. Lowe, Holographic representation of local bulk operators, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 066009 [hep-th/0606141] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  87. A. Hamilton, D.N. Kabat, G. Lifschytz and D.A. Lowe, Local bulk operators in AdS/CFT: a holographic description of the black hole interior, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 106001 [Erratum ibid. 75 (2007) 129902] [hep-th/0612053] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  88. A. Hamilton, D.N. Kabat, G. Lifschytz and D.A. Lowe, Local bulk operators in AdS/CFT and the fate of the BTZ singularity, AMS/IP Stud. Adv. Math. 44 (2008) 85 [arXiv:0710.4334] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  89. Y. Kiem, H.L. Verlinde and E.P. Verlinde, Black hole horizons and complementarity, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 7053 [hep-th/9502074] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  90. V. Balasubramanian and H.L. Verlinde, Back reaction and complementarity in (1+1) dilaton gravity, Nucl. Phys. B 464 (1996) 213 [hep-th/9512148] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  91. V. Chandrasekaran, R. Longo, G. Penington and E. Witten, An algebra of observables for de Sitter space, JHEP 02 (2023) 082 [arXiv:2206.10780] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  92. J. De Vuyst, S. Eccles, P.A. Hoehn and J. Kirklin, Gravitational entropy is observer-dependent, arXiv:2405.00114 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
  93. A. Almheiri et al., An Apologia for Firewalls, JHEP 09 (2013) 018 [arXiv:1304.6483] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  94. D. Marolf and J. Polchinski, Gauge/Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 171301 [arXiv:1307.4706] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  95. J. Bardeen, Non-singular general relativistic gravitational collapse, in the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Gravitation and the Theory of Relativity, Pub. House of Tbilisi University, Tbilisi, Georgia, September (1968), p. 87, https://lccn.loc.gov/79353354.
  96. A. Borde, Open and closed universes, initial singularities and inflation, Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 3692 [gr-qc/9403049] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  97. A. Borde, Regular black holes and topology change, Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 7615 [gr-qc/9612057] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  98. M.E. Rodrigues and M.V. de Sousa Silva, Bardeen Regular Black Hole With an Electric Source, JCAP 06 (2018) 025 [arXiv:1802.05095] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  99. Z.-Y. Fan and X. Wang, Construction of Regular Black Holes in General Relativity, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 124027 [arXiv:1610.02636] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  100. R.M. Wald, General relativity, University of Chicago press (2010).
  101. R. Bousso and A. Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Singularities from Entropy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 (2022) 231301 [arXiv:2201.11132] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  102. R. Bousso and A. Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Quantum singularities, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 066002 [arXiv:2206.07001] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
  103. G.T. Horowitz and J.M. Maldacena, The black hole final state, JHEP 02 (2004) 008 [hep-th/0310281] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
  104. N. Johnston and D.W. Kribs, Duality of Entanglement Norms, arXiv:1304.2328. · arXiv

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 11

Metadata

Authors
Antonini, S., Balasubramanian, V., Bao, N., Cao, C., & Chemissany, W.
Venue
Journal of High Energy Physics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-02-21
Volume
2025
Issue
2
ISSN
1029-8479
DOI
10.1007/jhep02(2025)150
Cited by
11
References
10
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Non-isometry, state dependence and holography. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/jhep02(2025)150
The paper
Antonini, S., Balasubramanian, V., Bao, N., Cao, C., & Chemissany, W. (2025). Non-isometry, state dependence and holography. Journal of High Energy Physics. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep02(2025)150