Neural regulators of innate immune responses and inflammation
Open accessAbstract
The nervous system regulates immune function and inflammation. Experimental evidence shows an important role of the autonomic nervous system in the bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system, underlying the ability of the brain to monitor immune status and control inflammation. Here we review the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in regulating inflammation, with a focus on the vagus nerve. The clinical implications of the recently discovered anti-inflammatory role of the efferent vagus nerve are also discussed.
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The brain plays a critical role in appraising stressors and in modulating immune system reactivity to physical and social threat.
“the brain plays a critical role in appraising stressors, as well as in modulating immune system reactivity to physical and social threat”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Pavlov & Tracey, 2004
Although these regions do not directly regulate inflammatory activity, they have anatomical connections to lower level brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem autonomic control nuclei, which influence systemic inflammation by modulating the activity of the HPA axis and SNS.
“Although these regions do not directly regulate inflammatory activity, they have anatomical connections to lower level brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem autonomic control nuclei, which influence systemic inflammation by modulating the activity of the HPA axis and SNS”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Pavlov & Tracey, 2004
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References 81 · Cited by 174
- Authors
- Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Northwell Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tracey, K.J.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2322-31
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC11138906
- OpenAlex
- W2090757419
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR018535)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- autonomic nervous system, vagus nerve, neuroimmune regulation, innate immunity, inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity, brain-immune communication
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Receptors, Cholinergic, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vagus Nerve
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