Hairpin RNA: a secondary structure of primary importance
Open accessAbstract
An RNA hairpin is an essential secondary structure of RNA. It can guide RNA folding, determine interactions in a ribozyme, protect messenger RNA (mRNA) from degradation, serve as a recognition motif for RNA binding proteins or act as a substrate for enzymatic reactions. In this review, we have focused on cis-acting RNA hairpins in metazoa, which regulate histone gene expression, mRNA localization and translation. We also review evolution, mechanism of action and experimental use of trans-acting microRNAs, which are coded by short RNA hairpins. Finally, we discuss the existence and effects of long RNA hairpin in animals. We show that several proteins previously recognized to play a role in a specific RNA stem-loop function in cis were also linked to RNA silencing pathways where a different type of hairpin acts in trans. Such overlaps indicate that the relationship between certain mechanisms that recognize different types of RNA hairpins is closer than previously thought.
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The first RNA gene, the Ur-Gen, was a precursor of modern tRNA.
“It is generally believed that the first RNA gene, the Ur-Gen, was a precursor of modern tRNA [73].”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
The genetic code evolved as pathways for the synthesis of new amino acids became available.
“Therefore, the genetic code evolved as pathways for the synthesis of new amino acids became available [73,92,102].”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
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References 137 · Cited by 241
- Authors
- Svoboda, P., & Cara, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Miescher Institute (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Svoboda, P.
- ORCID
- Svoboda, P.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2006-03-29
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 7-8
- Pages
- 901-908
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC11136179
- OpenAlex
- W2082020423
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Keywords
- RNA hairpin, RNA secondary structure, histone gene expression, mRNA localization, translational regulation, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, RNA silencing, RNA-binding proteins, animal evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, RNA, RNA, Catalytic, Sequence Alignment, Evolution, Molecular, MicroRNAs
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