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Emerging knowledge of regulatory roles of d-amino acids in bacteria
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The D-enantiomers of amino acids have been thought to have relatively minor functions in biological processes. While L-amino acids clearly predominate in nature, D-amino acids are sometimes found in proteins that are not synthesized by ribosomes, and D-Ala and D-Glu are routinely found in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria. Here, we review recent findings showing that D-amino acids have previously unappreciated regulatory roles in the bacterial kingdom. Many diverse bacterial phyla synthesize and release D-amino acids, including D-Met and D-Leu, which were not previously known to be made. These noncanonical D-amino acids regulate cell wall remodeling in stationary phase and cause biofilm dispersal in aging bacterial communities. Elucidating the mechanisms by which D-amino acids govern cell wall remodeling and biofilm disassembly will undoubtedly reveal new paradigms for understanding how extracytoplasmic processes are regulated as well as lead to development of novel therapeutics.
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(R)-amino acids have been detected in the cell wall peptidoglycan layer of bacteria and in various peptides of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
“On the other side, (R)-amino acids have been detected in the cell wall peptidoglycan layer of bacteria 585 and in various peptides of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.”
From Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality (2022) · cites this paper as [585]
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d -Amino Acids Trigger Biofilm Disassembly
Kolodkin-Gal, I., Romero, D., Cao, S., Clardy, J., Kolter, R., & Losick, R. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188628 · Cited by 874
Murein segregation in Escherichia coli
de Pedro, M. A., Quintela, J. C., Höltje, J. V., & Schwarz, H. (1997) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.179.9.2823-2834.1997 · Cited by 388
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cava, F., Lam, H., de Pedro, M. A., & Waldor, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Waldor, Matthew K.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2010-12-14
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 817-831
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC3037491
- OpenAlex
- W2140170361
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI R37-42347, R37AI042347)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Keywords
- D-amino acids, bacterial regulation, cell wall remodeling, biofilm dispersal, D-methionine, D-leucine, peptidoglycan, stationary phase, unnatural amino acids, bacterial cell wall
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Isomerases, Amino Acids, Bacteria, Cell Wall, Models, Biological, Peptidoglycan, Spores, Bacterial, Biofilms
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