Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC: Implications for the pathogenesis of human diseases
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Rho GTPases are highly conserved proteins that play critical roles in many cellular processes including actin dynamics, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, cell-cycle progression, and cell adhesion. The main mode of regulation of Rho GTPases is through guanine nucleotide binding (cycling between an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form), but transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modes of Rho regulation have also been described. In the present review, we summarize recent progress on the mechanisms that control the expression of the three members of the Rho-like subfamily (RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC) at the level of gene transcription as well as their post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. We also discuss the progress made in deciphering the mechanisms of cross-talk between Rho proteins and the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway and their implications for the pathogenesis of human diseases such as cancer metastasis and fibrosis.
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Several transcription factors regulate RHOA expression, including c-Myc, Max, HIF-1α, NF-κB, and STAT6, together with several miRNAs.
“Several transcription factors have been shown to regulate RHOA expression, including c-Myc, Max, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), together with several reported miRNAs (Figure 2C) [82,83].”
From RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
The sections on transcriptional regulation of RhoA describe Myc, NF-κB, and STAT6 as regulators, and the miRNA section identifies several miRNAs that regulate RhoA expression (page numbers unavailable). The copy does not establish Max or HIF-1α as RhoA regulators; its hypoxia passage instead concerns HIF-3α regulation of RhoC. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- [71]71. Guan X, Chen S, Zhao Y (2018) The role of RhoC in malignant tumor invasion, metastasis and targeted therapy. Histol Histopathol 33(3):255-260
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RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Schmidt, S. I., Blaabjerg, M., Freude, K., & Meyer, M. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11091520 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nomikou, E., Livitsanou, M., Stournaras, C., & Kardassis, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Kardassis, Dimitris
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2018-03-02
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2111-2124
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC11105751
- OpenAlex
- W2792349496
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hellenic Ministry for Education, Research and Religious Affairs (THALIS MIS 380334)
- IKY-SIEMENS RESEARCH GRANTS (N/A)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
- Keywords
- Rho GTPases, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, microRNA, metastasis, fibrosis, actin dynamics, cell adhesion
- MeSH terms
- rhoC GTP-Binding Protein, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Transforming Growth Factor beta, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, rhoB GTP-Binding Protein, MicroRNAs
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