All-cause mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with a non-diabetic population from the UK general practice research database, 1992–1999
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Aims/hypothesis We compiled up to date estimates of the absolute and relative risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes in the UK.Materials and methods We selected patients with type 1 diabetes (n=7,713), and for each of these diabetic subjects five age- and sex-matched control subjects without diabetes (n=38,518) from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Baseline was 1 January 1992; subjects were followed until 1999. The GPRD is a large primary-care database containing morbidity and mortality data of a large sample representative of the UK population. Deaths occurring in the follow-up period were identified.Results The study comprised 208,178 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 2.15/1,000 subjects in 1992 (mean age 33 years, SD 15). Annual mortality rates were 8.0 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 7.2-8.9) in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with 2.4 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 2.2-2.6) in those without diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]=3.7, 95% CI 3.2-4.3). The increased mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes were apparent across all age-bands. The HR was higher in women (HR=4.5, 95% CI 3.5-5.6 compared with non-diabetic women) than men (HR=3.3, 95% CI 2.7-4.0), such that the sex difference (p<0.0001) in mortality in the non-diabetic population was abolished (p=0.3) in the type 1 diabetic patients. The predominant cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes was cardiovascular disease.Conclusions/interpretation Despite advances in care, UK mortality rates in the past decade continue to be much greater in patients with type 1 diabetes than in those without diabetes.
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In the UK, death rates were 42.4 per 1,000 person-years for men and 44.1 per 1,000 person-years for women with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 66-75 years.
“In the UK, death rates were 42.4 (95% CI 29.5–61.0) per 1,000 person-years for men and 44.1 (95% CI 29.8–65.3) per 1,000 person-years for women with T1DM aged 66–75 years40.”
From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Despite abundant data on the importance of controlling blood pressure and dyslipidemia, adequate control of these vascular disease risk factors is frequently not achieved.
“Despite abundant data on the importance of control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia, adequate control of these vascular disease risk factors is frequently not achieved121,122.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [121]
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References 24 · Cited by 240
- Authors
- Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Fuller, J. H., Mulnier, H. E., Raleigh, V. S., Lawrenson, R. A., & Colhoun, H. M.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2006-01-24
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 660-666
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1980994260
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, all-cause mortality, mortality risk, cardiovascular mortality, sex differences in mortality, hazard ratio, mortality trends
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, Demography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Family Practice, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Databases, Factual
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