Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial
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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether 6 weeks of daily, moderate alcohol consumption increases expression of the gene encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and plasma levels of the protein, and improves insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In a randomised, open-label, crossover trial conducted in the Netherlands, 36 apparently healthy postmenopausal women who were habitual alcohol consumers, received 250 ml white wine ( approximately 25 g alcohol/day) or 250 ml of white grape juice (control) daily during dinner for 6 weeks. Randomisation to treatment allocation occurred according to BMI. Insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ mRNA and plasma adiponectin levels were measured at the end of both periods. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Levels of ADIPOQ mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: All subjects completed the study. Six weeks of white wine consumption reduced fasting insulin (mean +/- SEM 40.0 +/- 3.4 vs 46.5 +/- 3.4 pmol/l; p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (1.42 +/- 0.13 vs 1.64 +/- 0.13; p = 0.02) compared with 6 weeks of grape juice consumption. ADIPOQ mRNA levels (1.09 +/- 0.15 vs 0.98 +/- 0.15; p = 0.04) and plasma levels of total (13.1 +/- 0.8 vs 12.0 +/- 0.8 microg/ml; p < 0.001) and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin (9.9 +/- 1.2 vs 8.8 +/- 1.2 microg/ml; p = 0.02) significantly increased after alcohol compared with juice consumption. Changes in ADIPOQ mRNA levels correlated with changes in plasma levels of total adiponectin (rho = 0.46; p < 0.01). Both fasting triacylglycerol (8.2%; p = 0.04) and LDL-cholesterol levels (7.8%; p < 0.0001) decreased, whereas HDL-cholesterol increased (7.0%; p < 0.0001) after prolonged moderate alcohol intake. No notable adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Moderate alcohol consumption for 6 weeks improves insulin sensitivity, adiponectin levels and lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, these data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to the alcohol-induced increase in adiponectin plasma levels.
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Evidence from RCTs of risk factors and prospective cohort studies of clinical endpoints is most consistent with direct effects of alcohol itself rather than nonalcohol components such as resveratrol.
“Experimental studies suggest that some nonalcohol components, such as resveratrol in wine, could have potential benefits, but evidence from both RCTs of risk factors and prospective cohort studies of clinical end points are most consistent with direct effects of alcohol itself.100–102,105”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [102]
In controlled trials and in the absence of weight gain, modest alcohol use raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves insulin resistance.
“Conversely, in controlled trials and in the absence of weight gain, modest alcohol use raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves insulin resistance.100–102”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [102]
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References 52 · Cited by 180
- Authors
- Joosten, M. M., Beulens, J. W. J., Kersten, S., & Hendriks, H. F. J.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Joosten, M. M.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2008-05-27
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1375-1381
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- PMC
- PMC2491412
- OpenAlex
- W2099755836
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 12.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- moderate drinking, white wine, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, adiponectin, postmenopausal women, subcutaneous adipose tissue, high molecular weight adiponectin, plasma adiponectin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, white grape juice, dietary intervention, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Insulin, Lipids, Middle Aged, Postmenopause, Cross-Over Studies, PPAR gamma, Adiponectin
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