The DOI matches its Crossref record; its reference list is not available.
Early glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on therapy: a population-based study of 4,734 people with type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis The aims of this work were to assess glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on glucose-lowering therapy and to examine the real-life effectiveness of different add-on drugs. Methods We carried out a population-based cohort study using healthcare databases in northern Denmark during 2000-2012. We included 4,734 persons who initiated metformin monotherapy and added another glucose-lowering drug within 3 years. Attainment of recommended HbA1c goals within 6 months of add-on was investigated, using Poisson regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, baseline HbA(1c), diabetes duration, complications and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results Median metformin treatment duration at intensification was 12 months (interquartile range [IQR] 4-23 months) and pre-intensification HbA(1c) was 8.0% (IQR 7.2-9.2%) (64 [IQR 55-77] mmol/mol). Median HbA(1c) dropped 1.2% (13 mmol/mol) with a sulfonylurea (SU) add-on, 0.8% (9 mmol/mol) with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, 1.3% (14 mmol/mol) with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, 0.9% (10 mmol/mol) with other non-insulin drugs and 2.4% (26 mmol/mol) with insulin. Compared with SU add-on, attainment of HbA(1c) <7% (<53 mmol/mol) was higher with GLP-1 receptor agonists (adjusted RR [aRR] 1.10; 95% CI 1.01, 1.19) and lower with DPP-4 inhibitors (aRR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89, 0.99), other drugs (aRR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77, 0.96) and insulin (aRR 0.88; 95% CI 0.77, 0.99). The proportion of metformin add-on users who attained HbA(1c) <7% (<53 mmol/mol) increased from 46% in 2000-2003 to 59% in 2010-2012, whereas attainment of HbA(1c) <6.5% (<48 mmol/mol) remained 30% among patients aged <65 years without comorbidities. Conclusions/interpretation Among early type 2 diabetes patients receiving their first metformin add-on treatment, HbA(1c) reduction with different non-insulin drugs is similar to, and comparable with, that observed in randomised trials, yet 41% do not achieve HbA(1c) <7% (<53 mmol/mol) within 6 months.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The few studies that have evaluated real-world effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs have yielded inconsistent results.
“The few studies that have evaluated real-world effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs have yielded inconsistent results.”
From Real-world weight change, adherence, and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the UK (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
The Methods and Discussion describe a population-based study of real-world GLP-1 receptor agonist effectiveness, so this paper is an example of the kind of study mentioned. Our copy does not establish that there were few such studies or that their results were inconsistent; its Discussion instead says its observed glucose-lowering effects were comparable with those in randomised trials. No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 8 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Lipska KJ, Krumholz HM (2014) Comparing diabetes medications: where do we set the bar? JAMA Intern Med 174:317–318 · DOI
- Roumie CL, Greevy RA, Grijalva CG et al (2014) Association between intensification of metformin treatment with insulin vs sulfonylureas and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes. JAMA 311:2288–2296 · DOI
- Sherifali D, Nerenberg K, Pullenayegum E, Cheng JE, Gerstein HC (2010) The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 33:1859–1864 · DOI
- American Diabetes Association (2015) Standards of medical care in diabetes-2015: summary of revisions. Diabetes Care 38(suppl 1):S4 · DOI
- Thomsen RW, Baggesen LM, Svensson E et al (2015) Early glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and initial glucose-lowering treatment: a 13-year population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:771–780 · DOI
- Pottegard A, Bjerregaard BK, Larsen MD et al (2014) Use of exenatide and liraglutide in Denmark: a drug utilization study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 70:205–214 · DOI
- Wallia A, Molitch ME (2014) Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 311:2315–2325 · DOI
- Raebel MA, Ellis JL, Schroeder EB et al (2014) Intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy among patients with incident diabetes: a Surveillance Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (SUPREME-DM) study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 23:699–710 · DOI
Metadata
- Authors
- Thomsen, R. W., Baggesen, L. M., Søgaard, M., Pedersen, L., Nørrelund, H., Buhl, E. S., Haase, C. L., & Johnsen, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Thomsen, Reimar W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2015-08-16
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2247-2253
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1462529649
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Aarhus Universitet
- Novo Nordisk
- Sundhedsstyrelsen
- European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- Diabetesforeningen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, metformin, glycemic control, HbA1c targets, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin, treatment intensification, real-world effectiveness, comorbidities, Denmark, Northern Denmark, health databases
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Treatment Outcome, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
