The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global patterns of workplace productivity for people with depression: absenteeism and presenteeism costs across eight diverse countries
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Research suggests that by far, the greatest contributor to the overall economic impact of depression is loss in productivity; however, there is very little research on the costs of depression outside of Western high-income countries. Thus, this study examines the impact of depression on workplace productivity across eight diverse countries. METHODS: We estimated the extent and costs of depression-related absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace across eight countries: Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, South Africa, and the USA. We also examined the individual, workplace, and societal factors associated with lower productivity. RESULTS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of depression on workplace productivity across a diverse set of countries, in terms of both culture and GDP. Mean annual per person costs for absenteeism were lowest in South Korea at $181 and highest in Japan ($2674). Mean presenteeism costs per person were highest in the USA ($5524) and Brazil ($5788). Costs associated with presenteeism tended to be 5-10 times higher than those associated with absenteeism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the impact of depression in the workplace is considerable across all countries, both in absolute monetary terms and in relation to proportion of country GDP. Overall, depression is an issue deserving much greater attention, regardless of a country's economic development, national income or culture.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Global estimates of excess mortality indicate more than 2.2 million excess deaths in persons with depression, with particularly high rates of death among older individuals with cardiovascular disease. 200”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [200]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
Drummond, M. E., Sculpher, M. J., Torrance, G. W., O’Brien, B. J., & Stoddart, G. L. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198529446.001.0001 · Cited by 13,648
Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Flaxman, A. D., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61689-4 · Cited by 8,888
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Zeger, S. L., & Liang, K. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531248 · Cited by 7,781
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771
Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes
Wilson, S. (1987) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.41.4.355-a · Cited by 4,312
(2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2581 · Cited by 3,448 · cited 1×
“In line with previous epidemiological research [25, 26], Asian countries had the lowest prevalence of diagnosis of depression and this may be due to a true difference and/or measurement bias.”
ResultDialysis Dose and Intradialytic Hypotension: Results from the HEMO Study
Causland, F. R. M., Brunelli, S. M., & Waikar, S. S. (2013) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000355958 · Cited by 2,705
The Epidemiology of Depression Across Cultures
Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 · Cited by 2,657
Akaike's Information Criterion in Generalized Estimating Equations
Pan, W. (2001) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2001.00120.x · Cited by 2,545
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel P a., Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE et al (2004) Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to Evaluate the Indirect Workplace Costs of Illness. J Occup Environ Med 46:S23–S37. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000126683.75201.c5 · DOI
- Kadel, R, Knapp, M MD. Economic evaluation of workplace-initiated interventions for common mental disorders: a systematic review of intervention studies. Under Rev
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–390 of 390
Baltic Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, N 1&2
University of Latvia. Faculty of Education, D. O. P. (2020) · BALTIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.22364/bjp.21.01-02 · Cited by 1
TO WORK OR NOT TO WORK, THAT IS THE QUESTION
(2008) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv1chs935.10
Health Economics as a Tool for Decision-Making in Mental Health Care
Knapp, M. R. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55266-8_10
Self-citationDevelopment of workplace-related Liver Meridian-depression scale
Dai, G., Liu, X., & Chang, X.-R. (2018) · Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science · doi:10.1007/s11726-018-1018-2
How Does Schema Affect Stress and Productivity at the Workplace?
Sugiura, K., & Shimura, A. (2018) · International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies · doi:10.4018/ijpmat.2018070102
Absenteísmo e presenteísmo por doença em trabalhadores da população geral da grande São Paulo
Baptista, M. J. C. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2018.tde-07112018-110813 · Cited by 2
Mental Health and Well-being at Work
Meacham, H., Cavanagh, J. M., Bartram, T., & Spaeth, K. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78973-457-720191013
How Much Do Chronic Diseases Affect Absenteeism?
ŞAHİN, D., Kurutkan, M. N., & Kara, O. (2020) · İzmir İktisat Dergisi · doi:10.24988/ije.202035213
Pennsylvania Workplace Safety: Employee Perceptions of Active Shooter Preparedness
Wallace, L. N. (2020) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-d-19-00145
Niedermoser, D. W., Kalak, N., Meyer, M., Schweinfurth, N., Walter, M., & Lang, U. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041925
Raatikainen, I., Vanhala, M. J., Mäntyselkä, P. T., Heinonen, A. O., Kautiainen, H., Koponen, H., & Korniloff, K. (2021) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.12.005
The Magnitude of the Problem of Psychiatric Illness Presenting in the Emergency Department
Larkin, G. L., & Tahir, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52520-0_1
The Influence of Presenteeism on Productivity
Ramli, M. S., Ridzuan, A., Saat, M. Z. M., & Saripin, M. S. (2021) · Journal of International Business Economics and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.24191/jibe.v6i1.14258
How Does Schema Affect Stress and Productivity at the Workplace?
Sugiura, K., & Shimura, A. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch016
Hypólito, T. M. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.6.2021.tde-24062021-193148 · Cited by 2
Depressive Erkrankungen in der Hausarztpraxis
Schulz, S., & Wolf, F. (2022) · Allgemeinmedizin up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1398-4588
The Art of Health Promotion: linking research to practice
Johnson, S. S., Blacker, A., Dion, S., Grossmeier, J. J., Hecht, R., Markle, E. A., Meyer, L. C., Monley, S., Sherman, B. W., VanderHorst, N., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117119896122
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2336877/v1
Nnanna, U. R., Saidun, Z. B., & Sentosa, I. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Human Resource Management · doi:10.33545/26633213.2023.v5.i1a.130
Cigognini, M. A. (2023) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2023.tde-10052023-120550
Wang, C.-Z., Xie, Q., Zhang, Y., Meng, M.-L., Lu, J., Li, X., Lu, D., Chu, M., Lv, Q., Yi, Z., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2929873/v1
Desgagné-Doyon, F., Meunier, S., & Coulombe, S. (2023) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1100437ar · Cited by 1
Exercise Effect on Mental Health in Isolating or Quarantining Adults
Chu, V., & Newman, D. G. (2023) · Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance · doi:10.3357/amhp.6073.2023
A STUDY ON WORK SAFETY OF HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES
Bhatia, V., & Dhaliwal, A. K. (2023) · Towards Excellence · doi:10.37867/te150334 · Cited by 1
Lanfranchi, J., & Denis, T. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4617600
Sterkaj, F., Sheehan, G., Groóme, D., Morgan, K. D., Edginton, T. L., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3553834/v1
Saeteros, D., García, M. V., Tarín, G. S., Trujillo, A., Viñals-Vilà, L., Onieva, J. C., & Gallardo‐Pujol, D. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wdmu7
Hong, M. H., & Lee, J.-M. (2024) · Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange · doi:10.47116/apjcri.2024.01.32
Siegrist, J., & Li, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192887924.003.0006
Dominguez, S. K., & Lee, C. W. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898357.013.7
Zhang, X., Wei, N., Li, M., Li, L., Lv, X., & Cao, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4836835
Economides, M., Male, R., Bolton, H., & Cavanagh, K. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/26jch
Botha, L., Boeyens, J. C. A., Kritzinger, D., & Zyl, J. V. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4874301 · Cited by 1
Toh, S. H. Y., Lee, S. C., Cheah, S., & Sündermann, O. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.64854
Identifying and Eliminating the Toxic Work Environment in the Clinical Setting: A Narrative Review
Eisner, D. C. (2024) · The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration · doi:10.22461/jhea.9.7169
Saúde Integral: Perspectivas Multidisciplinares, Desafios e Estratégias para o Século XXI
da Silva, A. V., da Silva, C. M., Romão, A. A., & Silva, T. M. C. (2024) · doi:10.29327/5420479
Managing Workplace Mental Health: Multiple Approaches at Patient, Provider, and Systems Levels
Taubman, D. S., Dewa, C. S., & Parikh, S. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_9
Review of Mental Health and Work Place Hazards
Satapathy, S., Realyvásquez-Vargas, A., & Mishra, M. (2024) · New Perspectives in Behavioral & Health Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9598-7_2
Effects of Depressive Disorder on Employment Income in Brazil
Benedicto, B., Soares, L. D. S. A., & Teixeira, E. C. (2024) · Sociedad y Economía · doi:10.25100/sye.v0i53.13098
Russell, T. L., Singer, D. E., Werner, J. K., Mancuso, J. D., & Ahmed, A. E. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14477
Nayak, U. U., Shanbhag, S., Panakkal, N. C., Jaganathan, V., & Mohapatra, S. (2025) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2025.2480934
SIDHARTA, J., Adi, N. P., Isbayuputra, M., Soemarko, D. S., & Herqutanto, H. (2025) · Journal of UOEH · doi:10.7888/juoeh.47.45
Guidetti, C., Chaikali, S., Trivedi, M. H., Shelton, R. C., Iosifescu, D. V., Thase, M. E., Jha, M. K., Mathew, S. J., DeBattista, C., Dokucu, M. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119836
Golz, C., Gerlach, M., Meichtry, A., Siegenthaler, T., Hägerbäumer, M., Kilcher, G., Blozik, E., Bieri, J. S., & Peter, K. A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6975318/v1
Nariai, M., Wada‐Hiraike, O., Maeda, E., Matsuzaki, M., Mori‐Uchino, M., Furukawa, M., Enomoto, Y., Ga, H., Takai, R., Osuga, Y., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.25332571
Lee, C. T., Harty, S., Enrique, Á., Jiménez-Díaz, A., Hisler, G. C., Duffy, D. J., & Richards, D. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.80689
Watanabe, K., Sumiyoshi, T., Kato, M., Kikuchi, T., Moriguchi, Y., Åström, D. O., & Christensen, M. C. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100955
Managing treatment resistant depression in primary care settings
Chauhan, M., Bogucki, O. E., Leasure, W. B., Sawchuk, C. N., Williams, M. D., & Katzelnick, D. J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824067-0.00036-0
A INFLUÊNCIA DA INTELIGÊNCIA EMOCIONAL NO CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL
Scavoni, G. P., Terazzi, L. F., Revoredo, D. D., & Casagrande, D. J. (2025) · Revista Interface Tecnológica · doi:10.31510/infa.v22i1.2181
Jung, S., An, Y., Jeon, S., Kim, J., Kim, E., Yang, J. H., & Cho, S. J. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13233002 · Cited by 2
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607930
Additional file 1 of Mapping the PHQ-8 to EQ-5D, HUI3 and SF6D in patients with depression
Abdin, E., Chong, S. A., Seow, E., Tan, K. B., & Subramaniam, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16614575
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607921
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607927
Jaffe, D. H., Balkaran, B. L., Yue, L., Mulhern-Haughey, S., & Anjo, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16969159
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607918
Kohl, F., Angerer, P., & Weber, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22607924
Lee, C. T., Harty, S., Enrique, Á., Jiménez-Díaz, A., Hisler, G. C., Duffy, D. J., & Richards, D. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/80689
Sachdeva, S., Li, V. W., Chakrabarty, T., Frey, B. N., Hassel, S., Ho, K. T., Kennedy, S. H., Milev, R. V., Müller, D. J., Parikh, S. V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121451
Fu, Y., Jing, P., Yin, X., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., & Zhou, C. (2026) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s585720
Tajika, A., Toyomoto, R., Sakata, M., Luo, Y., Akechi, T., Horikoshi, M., Inoue, K., Noma, H., Cuijpers, P. J., & Furukawa, T. A. (2026) · BMJ Mental Health · doi:10.1136/bmjment-2025-302303
Sheka, D. T., Chong, D., Bharatselvam, S., Yang, J. X., Sasson, A. N., Cino, M., & Tandon, P. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8990302/v1
Virtual reality in psychological interventions for mood disorders: a scoping review
Wang, Y., Yang, K., Yang, T., Xu, P., Lin, M., Fan, Y., & Tao, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08088-9
García, M. V., Gallardo‐Pujol, D., Saeteros, D., Onieva, J. C., Trujillo, A., Tarín, G. S., & Viñals-Vilà, L. (2026) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)
Chen, C., Asai, Y., Mochizuki, Y., Hagiwara, K., Okubo, R., Nakagawa, S., & Tabuchi, T. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104590
Introduction to Disability Care in Major Depressive Disorder
Kumar, A., Israr, J., & Alam, S. (2026) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-8955-5_1
Hastuti, R., & Timming, A. R. (2026) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2026.2671203
Methodological guidance on clinical prediction models in mental health research
Costa, R. A., de Sousa, B. C., Kneib, T., Martins, R., & Mayr, A. J. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172610378x
Jung, J.-Y., Cho, I., & Moon, J. H. (2026) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799261454290
Lee, H., Kang, H., Paik, J.-W., Jeong, Y., Eum, H., & Lee, H. (2026) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2026.2683436
Wakita, H., Kasai, R., Ota, Y., Kanda, T., Anno, Y., Ishikawa, K., Taniguchi, A., Uesaka, Y., Nozaki, T., Shirai, M., et al. (2026) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.250393
Yeung, Y.-Y., Ramanpong, J., & Yu, C.-P. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103123
Fang, L., Du, S., Yang, H., Luo, X., 郑树琼, Huang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zeng, S., & Zhang, B. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2500586
Satrya, A., Fajri, M., Susanti, H., Aini, K., Brooks, H. L., Bee, P., & Maharani, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1839549
Stigma in verschiedenen Gesellschaftsbereichen
Rüsch, N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23520-7.00007-6
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23520-7.09981-5
Introduction: Burdens of Despair
Respess, S., & Counted, V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29101-1_1
Wordsworth, R., Little, S. H. J., & Wright, S. (2026) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-12-2025-1133
A process model of stress generation in internalizing disorders
Starr, L. R., Dozois, D. J. A., Rnic, K., Santee, A. C., & LeMoult, J. (2026) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-026-00607-5
Die ökonomische Bedeutung psychischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland
Kilian, R. (2026) · Fehlzeiten-Report · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-73665-4_2
Scham und Stigma mentaler Krankheiten in der Arbeitswelt
Schomerus, G., & Zimmerer, C. (2026) · Fehlzeiten-Report · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-73665-4_3
Yim, W. S., Sundram, B. M., Azzeri, A. B., Lim, Y. C., Supramaniam, R. K., Vallasamy, S. K., & Hassan, S. N. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0360481
Sohn, W. (2026) · Compensation & Benefits Review · doi:10.1177/08863687261495715
Ryder, S. N., Kovacs, R., Zhang, X., Marciniak, T., & Brown, A. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1931063
Boeckle, M., Haid, B., Patek, F., & Löffler‐Stastka, H. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14213610
Major depressive disorder in entrepreneurship: implications for outcomes
Hohen, S. (2026) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-10-2025-3083
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans-Lacko, S., & Knapp, M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Evans-Lacko, S.
- Knapp, M.
- Venue
- Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
- Published
- 2016-09-26
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1525-1537
- ISSN
- 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-9285
- PMC
- PMC5101346
- OpenAlex
- W2512748481
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 45.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- depression, labor productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism, cross-national comparison, disability, productivity loss, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Absenteeism, Presenteeism, Adult, Brazil, Canada, China, Costs and Cost Analysis, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Efficiency, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Japan, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, South Africa, Workplace, Republic of Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review