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Hop tests can result in higher limb symmetry index values than isokinetic strength and leg press tests in patients following ACL reconstruction

Nagai, Takashi, Schilaty, Nathan D., Laskowski, Edward R., Hewett, Timothy E.·2020·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
DOI 10.1007/s00167-019-05513-3PMC PMC6814513
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  • LCA has inherent limitations, such as inaccurate class assignments and the inability to determine precise class sizes, compounded by the risk of "naming fallacy" in which class labels may not accurately reflect characteristics of all members of a group.

    “LCA is a robust modeling approach, however this type of modeling has inherent limitations, such as inaccurate class assignments and the inability to determine precise class sizes, compounded by the risk of “naming fallacy” in which class labels may not accurately reflect characteristics of all members of a group.36”

    From Biopsychosocial profiles following ACL reconstruction: A latent class analysis of barriers to return-to-activity (2025) · cites this paper as [36]

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Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Barfod KW, Feller JA, Hartwig T, Devitt BM, Webster KE (2019) Knee extensor strength and hop test performance following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 26:149–154 · DOI
  2. Bell DR, Trigsted SM, Post EG, Walden CE (2016) Hip strength in patients with quadriceps strength deficits after ACL reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:1886–1892 · DOI
  3. Bieler T, Sobol NA, Andersen LL, Kiel P, Lofholm P, Aagaard P et al (2014) The effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training on leg extensor power and recovery of knee function after ACL-reconstruction. Biomed Res Int 2014:278512 · DOI
  4. Ebert JR, Edwards P, Yi L, Joss B, Ackland T, Carey-Smith R et al (2018) Strength and functional symmetry is associated with post-operative rehabilitation in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:2353–2361 · DOI
  5. Gatewood CT, Tran AA, Dragoo JL (2017) The efficacy of post-operative devices following knee arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25:501–516 · DOI
  6. Gokeler A, Welling W, Zaffagnini S, Seil R, Padua D (2017) Development of a test battery to enhance safe return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25:192–199 · DOI
  7. Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA (2016) Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med 50:804–808 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Habets B, Staal JB, Tijssen M, van Cingel R (2018) Intrarater reliability of the Humac NORM isokinetic dynamometer for strength measurements of the knee and shoulder muscles. BMC Res Notes 11:15 · DOI
  9. Hauger AV, Reiman MP, Bjordal JM, Sheets C, Ledbetter L, Goode AP (2018) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is effective in strengthening the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:399–410 · DOI
  10. Hiemstra LA, Webber S, MacDonald PB, Kriellaars DJ (2007) Contralateral limb strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 22:543–550 · DOI
  11. Ithurburn MP, Altenburger AR, Thomas S, Hewett TE, Paterno MV, Schmitt LC (2018) Young athletes after ACL reconstruction with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of return-to-sport demonstrate decreased knee function 1 year later. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:426–433 · DOI
  12. Jarvela T, Kannus P, Latvala K, Jarvinen M (2002) Simple measurements in assessing muscle performance after an ACL reconstruction. Int J Sports Med 23:196–201 · DOI
  13. Johnson AK, Palmieri-Smith RM, Lepley LK (2018) Contribution of neuromuscular factors to quadriceps asymmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Athl Train 53:347–354 · DOI
  14. Jones PA, Bampouras TM (2010) A comparison of isokinetic and functional methods of assessing bilateral strength imbalance. J Strength Cond Res 24:1553–1558 · DOI
  15. Krishnan C, Williams GN (2011) Factors explaining chronic knee extensor strength deficits after ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res 29:633–640 · DOI
  16. Kyritsis P, Bahr R, Landreau P, Miladi R, Witvrouw E (2016) Likelihood of ACL graft rupture: not meeting six clinical discharge criteria before return to sport is associated with a four times greater risk of rupture. Br J Sports Med 50:946–951 · DOI
  17. Lephart SM, Kocher MS, Harner CD, Fu FH (1993) Quadriceps strength and functional capacity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patellar tendon autograft versus allograft. Am J Sports Med 21:738–743 · DOI
  18. Lepley AS, Pietrosimone B, Cormier ML (2018) Quadriceps function, knee pain, and self-reported outcomes in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Athl Train 53:337–346 · DOI
  19. Lepley LK, Butterfield TA (2017) Shifting the current clinical perspective: isolated eccentric exercise as an effective intervention to promote the recovery of muscle after injury. J Sport Rehabil 26:122–130 · DOI
  20. Lepley LK, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM (2015) Combination of eccentric exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve biomechanical limb symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 30:738–747 · DOI
  21. Myer GD, Schmitt LC, Brent JL, Ford KR, Barber Foss KD, Scherer BJ et al (2011) Utilization of modified NFL combine testing to identify functional deficits in athletes following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 41:377–387 · DOI
  22. Nagelli CV, Hewett TE (2017) Should return to sport be delayed until 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Biological and functional considerations. Sports Med 47:221–232 · DOI
  23. Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2006) Development of a strength test battery for evaluating leg muscle power after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14:571–580 · DOI
  24. Norte GE, Hertel J, Saliba SA, Diduch DR, Hart JM (2018) Quadriceps neuromuscular function in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with or without knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. J Athl Train 53:475–485 · DOI
  25. Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE (1991) Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med 19:513–518 · DOI
  26. Petschnig R, Baron R, Albrecht M (1998) The relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 28:23–31 · DOI
  27. Reid A, Birmingham TB, Stratford PW, Alcock GK, Giffin JR (2007) Hop testing provides a reliable and valid outcome measure during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther 87:337–349 · DOI
  28. Schilaty ND, Bates NA, Hewett TE (2018) Relative dearth of ‘sex differences’ research in sports medicine. J Sci Med Sport 21:440–441 · DOI
  29. Thomas AC, Villwock M, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM (2013) Lower extremity muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. J Athl Train 48:610–620 · DOI
  30. Thomee R, Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Eriksson B et al (2012) Variability in leg muscle power and hop performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20:1143–1151 · DOI
  31. Thompson JA, Chaudhari AM, Schmitt LC, Best TM, Siston RA (2013) Gluteus maximus and soleus compensate for simulated quadriceps atrophy and activation failure during walking. J Biomech 46:2165–2172 · DOI
  32. Undheim MB, Cosgrave C, King E, Strike S, Marshall B, Falvey E et al (2015) Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation. Br J Sports Med 49:1305–1310 · DOI
  33. Wellsandt E, Failla MJ, Snyder-Mackler L (2017) Limb symmetry indexes can overestimate knee function after anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 47:334–338 · DOI
  34. Wilk KE, Romaniello WT, Soscia SM, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR (1994) The relationship between subjective knee scores, isokinetic testing, and functional testing in the ACL-reconstructed knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 20:60–73 · DOI
  35. Xergia SA, Pappas E, Georgoulis AD (2015) Association of the single-limb hop test with isokinetic, kinematic, and kinetic asymmetries in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sports Health 7:217–223 · DOI
  36. Yoshida Y, Mizner RL, Snyder-Mackler L (2013) Association between long-term quadriceps weakness and early walking muscle co-contraction after total knee arthroplasty. Knee 20:426–431 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Nagai, T., Schilaty, N. D., Laskowski, E. R., & Hewett, T. E.
ORCID
Nagai, Takashi
Venue
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-04-25
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
816-822
ISSN
  • 0942-2056
  • 1433-7347
DOI
10.1007/s00167-019-05513-3
PMC
PMC6814513
Cited by
104
References
0
Language
en
Licence
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01-AR056259, R01-AR055563)

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