Factors involved in prolapse recurrence one year after anterior vaginal repair

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis The aim of this study was to identify which factors are associated with anatomic and symptomatic prolapse recurrence in the anterior compartment 1 year after traditional anterior vaginal repair. Our study hypothesis was that major defects in pelvic floor support structures before surgery are associated with higher recurrence rates. Methods This was a prospective multicenter study including women with symptomatic anterior compartment prolapse who underwent primary vaginal surgery. Prolapse examination was performed using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system, prolapse symptoms were described using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory short form (PFDI-20), and levator ani avulsion and hiatal area were identified by translabial 3D ultrasonography. Results During the inclusion period, 455 patients were recruited and 442 (97.1%) attended the 1-year follow-up. In three cases, ultrasound data were not available, and the remaining 439 formed the study group. Anatomic and symptomatic recurrence rates were 45.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Levator avulsion increased the risk of anatomic (OR: 1.96) and symptomatic (OR: 2.60) recurrence; abnormal distensibility of the levator hiatal area increased the risk of anatomic (OR: 2.51) and symptomatic (OR: 2.43) recurrence; advanced prolapse increased the risk of anatomic recurrence: POP-Q stage 3 (OR: 2.34) and POP-Q stage 4 (OR: 5.47). Conclusions Major defects in pelvic floor support structures before surgery are associated with higher recurrence rates 1 year after native tissue vaginal repair. Advanced stage of prolapse increases the risk of anatomic recurrence, while levator avulsion and abnormal distensibility of the levator hiatus area increase the risk of both anatomic and symptomatic recurrence.