Effects of the combination of wheel running and atomoxetine on cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement in rats selected for high or low impulsivity
Open accessAbstract
Background Aerobic exercise and the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication, atomoxetine (ATO), are two monotherapies that have been shown to suppress reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in an animal model of relapse. The present study investigated the effects of combining wheel running and ATO versus each treatment alone on cocaine-seeking precipitated by cocaine and cocaine-paired cues in rats with differing susceptibility to drug abuse (i.e., high vs. low impulsive).Methods Rats were screened for high (HiI) or low impulsivity (LoI) based on their performance on a delay-discounting task and then trained to self-administer cocaine (0.4 mg/kg/inf) for 10 days. Following 14 days of extinction, both groups were tested for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking precipitated by cocaine or cocaine-paired cues in the presence of concurrent running wheel access (W), pretreatment with ATO, or both (W+ATO).Results HiI rats acquired cocaine self-administration more quickly than LoI rats. While both individual treatments and W+ATO significantly attenuated cue-induced cocaine seeking in HiI and LoI rats, only W+ATO was effective in reducing cocaine-induced reinstatement compared with vehicle treatment. There were dose-dependent and phenotype-specific effects of ATO with HiI rats responsive to the low but not high ATO dose. Floor effects of ATO and W on cue-induced reinstatement prevented the assessment of combined treatment effects.Conclusions These findings demonstrated greater attenuation of cue- versus cocaine-induced reinstatement by ATO and W alone and recapitulate impulsivity phenotype differences in both acquisition of cocaine self-administration and receptivity to treatment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Male and female rats that mostly choose smaller-sooner food are more likely to acquire low-dose cocaine self-administration than rats that prefer to wait for a larger food reward.
“Male and female rats that predominantly choose smaller-sooner food rewards are more likely to acquire low-dose cocaine self-administration than rats that prefer to wait for a larger food reward”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Zlebnik & Carroll, 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 103 · Cited by 28
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- National Research Council 2011 Guide for the Care and Use of Animals 8 The National Academies Press Washington, DC
- Authors
- Zlebnik, N. E., & Carroll, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zlebnik, Natalie E.
- ORCID
- Zlebnik, Natalie E.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2014-09-26
- Volume
- 232
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1049-1059
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC4339407
- OpenAlex
- W2138103183
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA033942, R01DA003240, F31DA036248, K05DA015267, T32DA007097)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008471)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- wheel running, atomoxetine, cocaine reinstatement, impulsivity, cocaine self-administration, delay discounting, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, relapse
- MeSH terms
- Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Animals, Cocaine, Cues, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Extinction, Psychological, Female, Impulsive Behavior, Motor Activity, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Propylamines, Running, Self Administration, Rats, Wistar, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Rats, Drug-Seeking Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
