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Characterization of a marine-isolated mercury-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 and its potential application in marine mercury reduction
Abstract
The Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was isolated from marine environment and was found to be resistant to 280 μM HgCl₂. SP1 was also highly resistant to other metals, including CdCl₂, CoCl₂, CrCl₃, CuCl₂, PbCl₂, and ZnSO₄, and the antibiotics ampicillin (Ap), kanamycin (Kn), chloramphenicol (Cm), and tetracycline (Tc). mer operon, possessed by most mercury-resistant bacteria, and other diverse types of resistant determinants were all located on the bacterial chromosome. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and a volatilization test indicated that the isolated P. putida SP1 was able to volatilize almost 100% of the total mercury it was exposed to and could potentially be used for bioremediation in marine environments. The optimal pH for the growth of P. putida SP1 in the presence of HgCl₂ and the removal of HgCl₂ by P. putida SP1 was between 8.0 and 9.0, whereas the optimal pH for the expression of merA, the mercuric reductase enzyme in mer operon that reduces reactive Hg²⁺ to volatile and relatively inert monoatomic Hg⁰ vapor, was around 5.0. LD₅₀ of P. putida SP1 to flounder and turbot was 1.5 × 10⁹ CFU. Biofilm developed by P. putida SP1 was 1- to 3-fold lower than biofilm developed by an aquatic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens TSS. The results of this study indicate that P. putida SP1 is a low virulence strain that can potentially be applied in the bioremediation of HgCl₂ contamination over a broad range of pH.
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Pseudomonas putida is a crucial microbe capable of absorbing 100% Hg from the marine ecosystem and reducing Hg (II) into Hg (0).
“Pseudomonas putida is a crucial microbe capable of absorbing 100% Hg from the marine ecosystem and reducing Hg (II) into Hg (0) [403]”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [403]
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Qattan, S. Y. A. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01103-y · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, W., Chen, L., & Liu, D.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Lingxin
- Venue
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2011-07-13
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1305-1314
- ISSN
- 0175-7598 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0614
- OpenAlex
- W2167639117
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Knowledge Repository of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- Pseudomonas putida, mercury resistance, mer operon, mercuric reductase, mercury volatilization, mercury bioremediation, metal resistance, antibiotic resistance, biofilm, virulence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Biodegradation, Environmental, Fish Diseases, Flatfishes, Flounder, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Mercuric Chloride, Mercury, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Operon, Oxidoreductases, Pseudomonas Infections, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Seawater, Volatilization, Pseudomonas putida, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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