Cited by 1,381Characterization and Applications of Magnetic NanoparticlesAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsLanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging

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Wang, Yi-Xiang J., Hussain, Shahid M., Krestin, Gabriel P.·2001·European Radiology

DOI 10.1007/s003300100908

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Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide MR imaging contrast agents have been the subjects of extensive research over the past decade. The iron oxide particle size of these contrast agents varies widely, and influences their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and thus clinical application. Superparamagnetic agents enhance both T1 and T2/T2* relaxation. In most situations it is their significant capacity to reduce the T2/T2* relaxation time to be utilized. The T1 relaxivity can be improved (and the T2/T2* effect can be reduced) using small particles and T1-weighted imaging sequences. Large iron oxide particles are used for bowel contrast [AMI-121 (i.e. Lumirem and Gastromark) and OMP (i.e. Abdoscan), mean diameter no less than 300 nm] and liver/spleen imaging [AMI-25 (i.e. Endorem and Feridex IV, diameter 80-150 nm); SHU 555A (i.e. Resovist, mean diameter 60 nm)]. Smaller iron oxide particles are selected for lymph node imaging [AMI-227 (i.e. Sinerem and Combidex, diameter 20-40 nm)], bone marrow imaging (AMI-227), perfusion imaging [NC100150 (i.e. Clariscan, mean diameter 20 nm)] and MR angiography (NC100150). Even smaller monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles are under research for receptor-directed MR imaging and magnetically labeled cell probe MR imaging. Iron oxide particles for bowel contrast are coated with insoluble material, and all iron oxide particles for intravenous injection are biodegradable. Superparamagnetic agents open up an important field for research in MR imaging.

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Authors: Wang, Y.-X. J., Hussain, S. M., & Krestin, G. P.
Affiliations: Erasmus MC (NL)
ORCID: Hussain, Shahid M.
Krestin, Gabriel P.
Venue: European Radiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-05-03
Volume: 11
Issue: 11
Pages: 2319-2331
ISSN: 0938-7994 (ISSN-L)
1432-1084
DOI: 10.1007/s003300100908
OpenAlex: W2086171977
Cited by: 1,381
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 114
FWCI: 15.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
pure.eur.nl
Licence: other-oa
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Radiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
Keywords: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, MRI contrast agents, particle size, T1 relaxivity, lymph node imaging, bone marrow imaging, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetically labeled cells, biodegradable nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics
MeSH terms: Contrast Media, Ferric Compounds, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetics

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging

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