Cited by 214Adhesion, Friction, and Surface InteractionsRobotic Locomotion and ControlNeurobiology and Insect Physiology Research

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Biomechanics of smooth adhesive pads in insects: influence of tarsal secretion on attachment performance

Drechsler, Patrick, Federle, Walter·2006·Journal of Comparative Physiology A

DOI 10.1007/s00359-006-0150-5

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Abstract

Many insects possess smooth adhesive pads on their legs, which adhere by thin films of a two-phasic secretion. To understand the function of such fluid-based adhesive systems, we simultaneously measured adhesion, friction and contact area in single pads of stick insects (Carausius morosus). Shear stress was largely independent of normal force and increased with velocity, seemingly consistent with the viscosity-effect of a continuous fluid film. However, measurements of the remaining force 2 min after a sliding movement show that adhesive pads can sustain considerable static friction. Repeated sliding movements and multiple consecutive pull-offs to deplete adhesive secretion showed that on a smooth surface, friction and adhesion strongly increased with decreasing amount of fluid. In contrast, pull-off forces significantly decreased on a rough substrate. Thus, the secretion does not generally increase attachment but does so only on rough substrates, where it helps to maximize contact area. When slides were repeated at one position so that secretion could accumulate, sliding shear stress decreased but static friction remained clearly present. This suggests that static friction which is biologically important to prevent sliding is based on non-Newtonian properties of the adhesive emulsion rather than on a direct contact between the cuticle and the substrate.

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Authors: Drechsler, P., & Federle, W.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Federle, Walter
ORCID: Federle, Walter
Venue: Journal of Comparative Physiology A
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-07-12
Volume: 192
Issue: 11
Pages: 1213-1222
ISSN: 0340-7594 (ISSN-L)
1432-1351
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-006-0150-5
OpenAlex: W1967629986
Cited by: 214
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 12.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Comparative Physiology A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/E004156/1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Robotic Locomotion and Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Keywords: stick insects, Carausius morosus, adhesion, static friction, shear stress, contact area, pull-off force, non-Newtonian fluids, surface roughness
MeSH terms: Adhesiveness, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Extremities, Insecta, Locomotion, Bodily Secretions, Surface Properties, Friction, Insect Proteins

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Biomechanics of smooth adhesive pads in insects: influence of tarsal secretion on attachment performance

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