Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis
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A cross-sectional study was designed to provide data on the detection of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) with special emphasis on leishmaniosis in Germany.For this purpose, results of blood or serum samples sent by local veterinarians to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory were retrospectively analysed.Samples were examined for Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Dirofilaria immitis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum during the years 2004 -2006 and 2014 -2016 (Leishmania only) (Leishmania only).Erythrocyte stages of large Babesia spp. or Babesia DNA were found in 1.7 % of 9,966 blood smears and 3.3 % of 15,555 samples examined by PCR, respectively.Large Babesia merozoites were found more frequently in Giemsastained smears from dogs born in Germany when compared to blood samples of dogs originating from south or south-east European countries.A total of 15 blood samples of German dogs which have never been abroad were positive for Babesia DNA.Antibodies titres (>= 80) against Babesia canis were detected by IFAT in 11.5 % of 2,653 serum samples.Out of 570 samples 3.2 % were positive for E. canis using PCR.Antibodies against E. canis and A. phagocytophilum (both at titres >= 50) were detected by indirect IFAT in 15.1 % and 41.9 % of 18,652 and 794 serum samples, respectively.Using Knott's test 4.5 % of 440 blood samples were positive for microfilariae, and Dirofilaria immitis antigen was found by ELISA in 1.4 % of Ectopar asitEs 9,381 serum samples.Leishmania spp.DNA was detected in 11 % of 301 whole blood or tissue samples examined by PCR.Antibodies against Leishmania were found in 23.5 % (23,665 samples) and 22.7 % (54,103 samples) of blood samples by IFAT (titres >= 50) and ELISA (>= 7 test units), respectively (2004-2006 versus 2014-2016).Antibodies against Leishmania (IFAT) were detected in 80.6 % (399/495) of dogs imported from endemic areas, in 57.6 % (34/59) of German dogs travelling outside Germany and in 4 (n = 8) German dogs without any history of travelling.Potential endemicity of leishmaniosis in Southern Germany was prospectively evaluated.For some of these infectious agents, sex or age of dogs and season were identified as risk factors.
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Vrhovec et al. reported a canine heartworm prevalence of 4.5% using Knott's test and 1.4% using D. immitis antigen detection by ELISA in Germany.
“Vrhovec et al. [51], after the examination of 30,970 and 54,103 canine blood or serum samples, reported a prevalence of 4.5% using Knott’s test and 1.4% using D. immitis antigens detection by ELISA.”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In Germany, an increase in the number of D. immitis infections has been observed in dogs that travelled or came from endemic countries, but also in dogs that presumably have not travelled outside the country.
“Germany faces a similar scenario, since it has been observed an increase in the number of infections in dogs that have travelled or came from endemic countries, but also in dogs that presumably have not travelled outside the country.”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Retrospective studies including several thousand samples detected 1.1-3.1% D. immitis antigen-positive imported or traveling dogs during 2004-2008 in Germany.
“retrospective studies including several thousand samples detected 1.1–3.1% D. immitis antigen-positive imported or traveling dogs during 2004–2008”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
In 2004-2009, Knott's test revealed microfilariae in 6.4-7.7% of dogs in Germany; no species differentiation was carried out.
“In a similar period (2004–2009), Knott´s test revealed microfilariae in 6.4–7.7% of dogs; however, no species differentiation was carried out”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
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References 50 · Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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- Authors
- Vrhovec, M. G., Pantchev, N., Failing, K., Bauer, C., Travers-Martin, N., & Zahner, H.
- Affiliations
- IDEXX Laboratories (Germany) (DE)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Vrhovec, Majda Globokar
- Pantchev, Nikola
- Venue
- Parasitology Research
- Published
- 2017-07-17
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 131-144
- ISSN
- 0044-3255 (ISSN-L)
- 0932-0113
- 1432-1955
- OpenAlex
- W2735226532
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Parasitology Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Keywords
- canine vector-borne diseases, canine leishmaniasis, Leishmania, Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Dirofilaria immitis, endemicity, risk factors, imported dogs, travel history, seroprevalence, Germany
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan, Babesia, Blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dirofilaria immitis, Disease Vectors, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Germany, Immunoglobulin G, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, DNA, Protozoan, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coinfection
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