Neuropeptides as synaptic transmitters
Open accessAbstract
Neuropeptides are small protein molecules (composed of 3-100 amino-acid residues) that have been localized to discrete cell populations of central and peripheral neurons. In most instances, they coexist with low-molecular-weight neurotransmitters within the same neurons. At the subcellular level, neuropeptides are selectively stored, singularly or more frequently in combinations, within large granular vesicles. Release occurs through mechanisms different from classical calcium-dependent exocytosis at the synaptic cleft, and thus they account for slow synaptic and/or non-synaptic communication in neurons. Neuropeptide co-storage and coexistence can be observed throughout the central nervous system and are responsible for a series of functional interactions that occur at both pre- and post-synaptic levels. Thus, the subcellular site(s) of storage and sorting mechanisms into different neuronal compartments are crucial to the mode of release and the function of neuropeptides as neuronal messengers.
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Early life social relationships can alter the adult OT system.
“There is evidence that early life social relationships can alter the adult OT system.”
From Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior (2009) · cites this paper as [117]
The section on neuropeptide co-existence describes oxytocin in hypothalamic neurons, and the section on dendritic release discusses its possible effects on behavior. Neither addresses whether early-life social relationships alter the adult oxytocin system. Searches for early-life social experience and maternal care found no passage making that link; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn rhesus macaques, adolescents raised in a nursery by human caregivers have lower OT concentrations in their cerebrospinal fluid compared to those raised by their mother.
“In rhesus macaques, adolescents raised in a nursery by human caregivers have lower OT concentrations in their cerebrospinal fluid compared to those raised by their mother [117].”
From Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior (2009) · cites this paper as [117]
The section on neuropeptide co-existence discusses oxytocin in hypothalamic neurons, and the References mention cerebrospinal fluid, but neither addresses rearing conditions in rhesus macaques. Searches for nursery- versus mother-reared adolescents and cerebrospinal-fluid oxytocin concentrations found no passage reporting the claimed comparison; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 219 · Cited by 181
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bockstaele EJ van, Saunders A, Commons KG, Liu XB, Peoples J (2000) Evidence for coexistence of enkephalin and glutamate in axon terminals and cellular sites for functional interactions of their receptors in the rat locus coeruleus. J Comp Neurol 417:103-114
- Authors
- Salio, C., Lossi, L., Ferrini, F., & Merighi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Merighi, Adalberto
- Venue
- Cell and Tissue Research
- Published
- 2006-07-18
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 583-598
- ISSN
- 0302-766X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0878
- OpenAlex
- W2040910366
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell and Tissue Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- neuropeptides, synaptic transmitters, neuropeptide coexistence, synaptic vesicles, neuropeptide release, neuropeptide receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Signal Transduction, Peripheral Nervous System, Neurotransmitter Agents, Secretory Vesicles
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