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Emplacement of inflated Pāhoehoe flows in the Naude’s Nek Pass, Lesotho remnant, Karoo continental flood basalt province: use of flow-lobe tumuli in understanding flood basalt emplacement

Jay, Anne E., Marsh, Julian S., Fluteau, Frédéric, Courtillot, Vincent·2018·Bulletin of Volcanology
DOI 10.1007/s00445-017-1189-6
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Fig. 1 Map of distribution of erosional remnants of the Karoo Continental Flood Basalt Province, southern Africa. Inset, map of outcrops of the Drakensberg Group forming the Lesotho Remnant (after Eales et al. 1984)
Fig. 1 Map of distribution of erosional remnants of the Karoo Continental Flood Basalt Province, southern Africa. Inset, map of outcrops of the Drakensberg Group forming the Lesotho Remnant (after Eales et al. 1984)CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 2 Topographic map showing location of the Naude ' s Nek. The two sample locations mark the top and bottom of the section. A V traverse is the alternative valley traverse shown in Fig. 4 Topographic map is based
Fig. 2 Topographic map showing location of the Naude ' s Nek. The two sample locations mark the top and bottom of the section. A V traverse is the alternative valley traverse shown in Fig. 4 Topographic map is basedCC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 3 a Aschematic summary of the stratigraphy of the Drakensberg Group Lavas. Note that the Barkly East formation is formed of different units in the northern and southern parts of the outlier. b Sketch of the stratigraphy of the lavas along the Naude ' s Nek Pass
Fig. 3 a Aschematic summary of the stratigraphy of the Drakensberg Group Lavas. Note that the Barkly East formation is formed of different units in the northern and southern parts of the outlier. b Sketch of the stratigraphy of the lavas along the Naude ' s Nek PassCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 4
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 5
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 5 Flow boundary with altered basalt either side, probably formed by the circulation of hot fluids (autoclave) induced by the emplacement of the upper flow. 2128 m and 30.7551°S 20.6317°E
Fig. 5 Flow boundary with altered basalt either side, probably formed by the circulation of hot fluids (autoclave) induced by the emplacement of the upper flow. 2128 m and 30.7551°S 20.6317°ECC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 6 a Horizontal vesicular sheet (HVS) in NN34. 2130 m and 30.75449°S; 28.06330°E. b Plan view of amygdaloidal vesicle cylinders. 2355 m and 30.75398°S; 28.07353°E
Fig. 6 a Horizontal vesicular sheet (HVS) in NN34. 2130 m and 30.75449°S; 28.06330°E. b Plan view of amygdaloidal vesicle cylinders. 2355 m and 30.75398°S; 28.07353°ECC-BY · From the PDF
Image 8
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 7 Steeply dipping upper crust of a flow-lobe tumuli
Fig. 7 Steeply dipping upper crust of a flow-lobe tumuliCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 10
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 9 Cleft in the upper crust of a flow-lobe tumulus, infilled by the subsequent flow, note hammer for scale. 2056 m and 30.757583°S 28.059194°E
Fig. 9 Cleft in the upper crust of a flow-lobe tumulus, infilled by the subsequent flow, note hammer for scale. 2056 m and 30.757583°S 28.059194°ECC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 10 Narrow termination of an axial cleft in a tumulus, partially infilled by the subsequent flow-lobe. Secondary mineralization has in-filled the vesicles within the lobe and the end of the cleft which was too thin to be filled with lava. 2470 m and 30.76000°S; 28.08335°E
Fig. 10 Narrow termination of an axial cleft in a tumulus, partially infilled by the subsequent flow-lobe. Secondary mineralization has in-filled the vesicles within the lobe and the end of the cleft which was too thin to be filled with lava. 2470 m and 30.76000°S; 28.08335°ECC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 11 Cartoon showing stratigraphic complexities that can occur when a pile of small lobes is engulfed by a larger sheet lobe. An example of this is seen at ~ 2065 m. If, on traversing the road, sequential observations are
Fig. 11 Cartoon showing stratigraphic complexities that can occur when a pile of small lobes is engulfed by a larger sheet lobe. An example of this is seen at ~ 2065 m. If, on traversing the road, sequential observations areCC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 12 Sheet lobe dipping into the rock face. Horizontal vesicular zone of upper crust is picked out in white amygdales visible as semi-horizontal lines towards the base of the quarry. This is continued in the left hand side of the quarry wall at 2470 m and 30.760167°S 28.08125°E
Fig. 12 Sheet lobe dipping into the rock face. Horizontal vesicular zone of upper crust is picked out in white amygdales visible as semi-horizontal lines towards the base of the quarry. This is continued in the left hand side of the quarry wall at 2470 m and 30.760167°S 28.08125°ECC-BY · From the PDF

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Jay, A. E., Marsh, J. S., Fluteau, F., & Courtillot, V.
Venue
Bulletin of Volcanology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-02
Volume
80
Issue
2
ISSN
  • 0258-8900
  • 1432-0819
DOI
10.1007/s00445-017-1189-6
Cited by
20
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
Funders
  • Natural Environment Research Council
  • Conseil Régional, Île-de-France
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  • !Khure Africa
  • ARCUS
  • The Open University
  • The Daphne Jackson Trust

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