The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Safety and efficacy of remimazolam in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in high-risk surgical patients (ASA Class III): results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparative trial
Abstract
Purpose Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative is equally effective as propofol in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia with improved hemodynamic stability in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I and II patients. This trial investigated remimazolam's efficacy and safety in vulnerable patients (ASA Class III) undergoing elective general surgery. Methods A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial in 67 adult surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia with two remimazolam induction doses (6 mg kg -1 h -1 -group A and 12 mg kg -1 h -1 -group B) has been conducted in 6 trials sites in Japan. Remimazolam was infused up to 2 mg kg -1 h -1 for maintenance of anesthesia in both groups. Results The functional anesthetic capability of the investigated drug was 100% in both arms. The mean time to loss of consciousness (LoC) was significantly shorter in group B (81.7 s) compared to group A (97.2 s), p = 0.0139. The mean bispectral index (BIS) value during maintenance of anesthesia ranged from 46.0 to 68.0 and from 44.7 to 67.5 in group A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the remimazolam arms concerning the incidence of blood pressure (BP) decrease (67.7% in group B vs. 54.8% in group A), recovery profile or the incidence or severity of adverse events (AEs) or adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Conclusion Both induction regimens (6 and 12 mg kg -1 h -1 ) were equally efficacious a…
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“Compared with midazolam or propofol, numerous published clinical experiments have shown the safety and efficacy of remimazolam as an anesthetic during sedative procedures and general anesthesia (9,10).”
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Items 101–200 of 226
Luo, L.-H., Jiang, J., Zhang, M., Guo, Z.-Q., Zhang, X., Wang, F., & Yang, F. (2023) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s428278 · Cited by 10
“This study’s conclusion is consistent with prior research 13,17 and highlights the need for further calibration and exploration of the correlation between remimazolam and BIS values, and the underlying mechanisms.”
ResultInfluentialKim, J., Lee, S., Kim, Y., & Jeong, J. S. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-022-02379-x · Cited by 10
Novel anesthetics in pediatric practice: is it time?
Useinovic, N., & Jevtović‐Todorović, V. (2022) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000001156 · Cited by 13
Onoda, A., & Suzuki, Y. (2022) · Case reports in anesthesiology · doi:10.1155/2022/9268454 · Cited by 10
Wu, H., Tian, S., Ma, H., Zhou, W., Feng, S.-T., Meng, L.-J., Ou, J., Xu, F., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s496437 · Cited by 9
Hosokawa, M., Takahashi, Y., Ueno, T., Oe, K., & Masui, K. (2024) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-024-03395-5 · Cited by 9
“The recovery time from remimazolam anesthesia was 15 [12–17] min.”
InfluentialEffect of remimazolam on intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery: a case series
Hayamizu, K., Chaki, T., Tachibana, S., Hirata, N., & Yamakage, M. (2021) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-021-02955-3 · Cited by 9
“Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative that is equally effective as propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGu, Q., Zeng, D., Lin, D., Zou, J., Sun, J.-X., Wang, H.-M., Chen, S.-W., Zhang, H.-W., Xu, B., Liu, W.-S., et al. (2025) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s532746 · Cited by 8
Xie, M.-J., Zeng, F.-R., Tian, Q., Deng, H., & Tao, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1409233 · Cited by 8
Ryu, K.-H., Lee, S. H., Shim, J.-G., Park, J., Ahn, J., Jeon, S., & Cho, E. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038962 · Cited by 8
“[11,12] Remimazolam has a rapid onset of action, with a distribution half-life of 1 minute and a metabolic half-life of 10 minutes.”
BackgroundTakahashi, Y., Yoshii, R., Amaya, F., Sawa, T., & Ogawa, S. (2023) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-023-03290-5 · Cited by 8
“It has been reported that remimazolam is associated with less circulatory responses during anesthetic induction in high-risk surgical patients [12–15].”
Hu, X.-Y., Wang, B.-B., Hu, L., Han, D.-S., & Wu, J. (2023) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s411829 · Cited by 8
Two Cases of Inadequate Response to Remimazolam
Kitaura, A., Hamasaki, S., Sakamoto, H., Tsukimoto, S., & Nakajima, Y. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.42576 · Cited by 8
“Remimazolam has a rapid onset of action and has the characteristic low cardiovascular impact of benzodiazepines [1-3].”
BackgroundRemimazolam: a new string to the TIVA bow
Hirota, K. (2023) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-023-03186-4 · Cited by 8
“7% at induction doses of remimazolam of 6 and 12 mg/ kg/h, respectively, while propofol causes hypotension in up to 75% of patients [17].”
BackgroundSun, Y.-Y., Zhang, J., & Feng, S.-W. (2023) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2022.0323 · Cited by 8
Gong, F., Gui, Q., Lan, L., Zhou, G., Wen, Q., Wei, Y., Li, X., & Cao, X. (2025) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-025-03484-2 · Cited by 9
“Importantly, even at doses exceeding standard therapeutic recommendations, remimazolam does not produce significant cardiovascular instability and may offer mild advantages during induction [40].”
Kim, M. H., Park, J., Park, Y. G., Cho, Y. E., Kim, D., Lee, D.-J., Kwak, K., Lee, J., & Han, D.-W. (2024) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kja.24613 · Cited by 7
“These findings suggest that remimazolam can provide a more hemodynamically stable anesthetic environment than propofol, a premise supported by a previous study [38].”
Kainuma, A., Koyama, A., Kinoshita, M., Iida, J., & Sawa, T. (2024) · JA Clinical Reports · doi:10.1186/s40981-024-00716-1 · Cited by 7
“In a previous report, remimazolam was maintained at 0.56 mg/kg/h of TBW for general anesthesia in ASA-PS3 patients [5, 7].”
MethodInfluentialAnesthetic Management Using Remimazolam in a Hemodialysis Patient.
Nishioka, Y., Miyake, S., Hamaoka, M., Miyake, K., Fujimoto, M., Higuchi, H., & Miyawaki, T. (2023) · Anesthesia Progress · doi:10.2344/anpr-70-02-06 · Cited by 7
Li, J., Zhou, D., Jin, Y., Zhou, H.-S., Fang, C., Zhu, Z.-Q., & Xiong, L. (2021) · Ibrain · doi:10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00081.x · Cited by 7
Pharmacological profiles and mechanism of action of remimazolam for ICU sedation
Masui, K. (2026) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s40560-026-00858-7 · Cited by 6
“The infusion rate of remima-zolam for deep sedation is equal to or lower than that for general anesthesia in high-risk patients [32].”
Seong, H., Cho, J., Yoon, S. Z., & Choi, S.-U. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13216407 · Cited by 6
“Previous studies have suggested that high concentrations of remifentanil are needed when remimazolam is used as the general anesthetic [16,28,29], but those studies lack mention of postoperative opioid requirements or postoperative hyperalgesia.”
BackgroundTsuji, Y., Koshika, K., & Ichinohe, T. (2024) · Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · doi:10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.4.273 · Cited by 6
Oyoshi, T., Mitsuta, Y., Uemura, Y., Tajima, K., & Hirata, N. (2023) · JA Clinical Reports · doi:10.1186/s40981-023-00662-4 · Cited by 6
“The doses were slightly less than those in a previous report: 0.6 mg/kg/h remimazolam for elderly high-risk patients [7].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationHu, B.-L., Zhou, H.-Y., Zou, X., Tan, L., Song, T., Zellmer, L., & Li, X. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06962-x · Cited by 6
What’s New in Intravenous Anaesthesia? New Hypnotics, New Models and New Applications
Vellinga, R., Valk, B. I., Absalom, A. R., Struys, M. M. R. F., & Barends, C. R. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11123493 · Cited by 9
“Remimazolam is non-inferior to propofol for general anaesthesia in ASA II and III patients [26,27] with respect to safety and efficacy.”
BackgroundShirozu, K., Nobukuni, K., Funakoshi, K., Nakamura, T., Sumie, M., Higashi, M., & Yamaura, K. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027808 · Cited by 6
“Clinical trials conducted in Japan have reported that its effect on hemodynamics is less than that of propofol and is considered an easy-to-use sedative in patients with unstable circulation.([1,2]) Although anesthetics were originally designed to prevent intraoperative awakening, some surgeries (such as brain surgery…”
BackgroundLiang, K., Nong, X.-L., Liang, Z.-J., Rana, N., Chen, N.-Q., & Lin, Y.-N. (2025) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-025-03322-5 · Cited by 5
“This results in the opening of cell channels, increased influx of chloride ions, hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane, and subsequent inhibition of neuronal activity, leading to reduced activity, sedation, and impaired memory, among other anesthetic effects [7–9].”
Zhang, L., Yang, J., Zhou, L., Yu, H., Liu, B., & Zhou, L. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08833-7 · Cited by 5
“In the context of general anesthesia, remimazolam has shown comparable efficacy to propofol, with a lower incidence of hypotension and reduced vasopressor requirements during induction [18, 19].”
Xu, Q., Qian, J., Zhang, S., Xia, F., Hu, H.-J., & Xiao, F. (2025) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s494426 · Cited by 5
Min, S.-C., Lee, N., & Koh, H. J. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60101616 · Cited by 5
Liu, W., Yang, B., Ji, J.-W., Yang, H., Song, H., Qiu, H.-B., & Song, J.-C. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05987-y · Cited by 5
“undergoing elective general surgery [18].”
Xie, Z., Liao, Y., Chen, Q., Zhang, C.-M., Luo, J., Cao, H., Lin, Y., Lan, H., Huang, X., & Guan, X. (2025) · Annals medicus · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2534850 · Cited by 4
“…procedures [4,5] and general anesthesia [6–8] with the following characteristics of ideal anesthetic and sedative drugs: rapid onset and rapid offset [9,10], lower incidence of respiratory and circulatory depression [5–7, 11 ], and no Remifentanil is a novel ultrashort-acting opioid analgesic.”
InfluentialLiu, M., Feng, Q., Chen, H., Li, J., & Shi, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1453608 · Cited by 4
Remimazolam: Is the new “wonder drug” in anesthesia any good in children?
Hansen, T. G., & Engelhardt, T. (2024) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.14559 · Cited by 4
Remimazolam and Ciprofol: More Research Is Needed but Ask the Right Questions and Perhaps Aim Higher
Sneyd, J. R., & Anderson, B. (2024) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000005195 · Cited by 4
Fan, J.-J., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Han, D.-W., Zhen, Y., Fan, J., Wang, S., & Wang, F. (2024) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.09.020 · Cited by 4
Huang, Y., Liao, H.-Y., Li, L.-J., Xu, J., Jiang, P.-P., Guo, Y., & Liu, K.-P. (2024) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-024-02468-y · Cited by 4
“It has minimal circulatory and respiratory depression when continuously administered intra-venously and does not increase respiratory sensitivity or produce bronchospasm when combined with sevoflurane [6–9].”
BackgroundLee, S.-H., & Han, H. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59071247 · Cited by 4
“In contrast to bolus induction [17], an increase in the infusion rate does not lead to a proportional decrease in blood pressure [15].”
BackgroundKoh, K., Omae, T., Sakuraba, S., Kumemura, M., Yamazaki, S., & Yunoki, H. (2022) · Case Reports in Anesthesiology · doi:10.1155/2022/8923008 · Cited by 5
Kim, B., Kim, M. S., Lee, J. H., Lee, D., Kim, H.-B., Oh, S., & Kim, H. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58101372 · Cited by 4
“In addition, remimazolam has been shown to cause relatively less hemodynamic deterioration even in high-risk patients with ASA-III or hepatorenal insufficiency [8,13].”
BackgroundCui, L., Shu, K., Zhang, P., Cui, Q., & Yun, H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1155/2023/9955312 · Cited by 3
“It has been reported that the safety profle of remimazolam in high-risk patients (ASA III, IV) is similar to that in low-risk patients; thus, selecting remimazolam rather than propofol for induction is preferred [9, 11].”
Yang, X., Pan, J.-Y., Gong, X., Lv, A., Liang, F., Liu, J., Li, D., Fu, S.-Z., Pan, A., Yu, L., et al. (2026) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-026-08381-x · Cited by 3
“In their study, no severe ADRs occurred, while moderate and mild ADRs were observed in 3.2% and 46.8% of patients, respectively [35].”
InfluentialYang, X.-B., Fu, S.-Z., Yu, L., Liang, F., Li, D.-Z., Sun, R., Zhou, X., Yu, X.-T., Tian, L., & Shang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Intensive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jointm.2025.12.002 · Cited by 3
“In a study of surgical patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists Class Ⅲ and maintained on remimazolam at 1–2 mg/(kg·h) for general anesthesia, Doi et al. [ 12 ] reported no severe ADRs, and blood pressure decreased in 21 out of 62 (33.9”
InfluentialHe, Y., Li, Z., Zou, Y., Zhou, W., Sui, X., Yi, X., & An, Y. (2025) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-025-03365-9 · Cited by 3
Xiao, H.-H., Gu, X.-X., Shi, X., Yu, S., Ji, R.-Y., Ji, F.-C., & Nie, P. (2025) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s542292 · Cited by 3
“…can be divided into two types: one is continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 6 mg/kg/h or 12 mg/kg/h until the patient falls asleep; 16 the other is administration based on body weight at a dose of 0.2–0.4 mg/kg. 17 In studies calculating the dosage of remimazolam based on the…”
InfluentialTian, Z., Yan, T., Bi, Y., Xin, Y., Zhou, S.-Q., Chu, T.-T., & Xu, A. (2025) · Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jatmed.2025.05.001 · Cited by 3
Mino, T., Kitaura, A., Sakamoto, H., Yoshino, Y., Tsukimoto, S., Yuasa, H., & Nakajima, Y. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14051759 · Cited by 3
“Given its properties, remimazolam is believed to offer particular advantages for elderly patients, those with comorbidities, and individuals with significant frailty [3,23,24].”
Yang, W.-J., Geng, Z.-L., Chen, Z.-Z., Cui, C.-Y., Tian, Z.-W., Guo, X.-L., Zhang, Y.-N., Wang, L., Huo, R., Ma, C.-W., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40001-024-02204-9 · Cited by 3
Tashima, K., Hayashi, M., Oyoshi, T., Uemura, J., Korematsu, S., & Hirata, N. (2024) · JA Clinical Reports · doi:10.1186/s40981-024-00734-z · Cited by 3
Self-citationMonitored anesthesia care with remimazolam for gynecological day surgeries: Case reports
Choi, S., Kim, T. H., Eom, D. W., Jung, J.-Y., & Park, S. Y. (2022) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.6536 · Cited by 3
Kim, K. M. (2026) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.26.0005 · Cited by 2
Lu, Y., Duan, G.-C., Fu, J.-F., Luo, F.-Q., Wang, B., & Lang, J.-H. (2025) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-025-03462-8 · Cited by 2
“Remimazolam has been proven to be effective and safe for procedural sedation and general anesthesia [9, 10].”
Jamal, A., Khan, S., Qadri, M., Shah, M., Ahmed, U., Iftikhar, H., Uddin, M., Bacha, Z., Khalid, A. A., Khan, A. A., et al. (2025) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001100 · Cited by 2
Zheng, J.-L., Sun, J., Han, Q., Shi, S.-R., Zhou, J., Wang, W.-L., Huang, X.-D., & Zhou, Z.-F. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1692105 · Cited by 2
Remimazolam in obstetric anaesthesia: a focused review.
Chae, R., Kearsley, R., Lee, A., & Duffy, C. (2025) · International journal of obstetric anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2025.104790 · Cited by 2
Shen, J.-J., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Li, T., Zhu, L., Li, Z., Shi, J., & Lv, H. (2025) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2025.109661 · Cited by 2
Shirozu, K., Nakamura, Y., Asada, M., Takamori, S., Ando, T., & Yamaura, K. (2025) · Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-025-01349-0 · Cited by 2
Stojanović, M., & Jankovic, R. J. (2025) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000001498 · Cited by 2
Lu, D.-Y., Zeng, Q., Zhang, A., Wei, W., Huang, H., Chen, W.-Q., Li, J., Yao, Y.-H., & Gu, Y. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089650 · Cited by 2
Remimazolam: a randomized controlled study of its suitability for insertion of a supraglottic airway
Arime, H., Asai, T., Saito, T., & Okuda, Y. (2023) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-023-03231-2 · Cited by 2
“Remimazolam has been reported to produce no pain at injection site, and compared with other intravenous anesthetic drugs, it causes less cardiovascular depression [1, 2, 4].”
BackgroundAlmeida, C. (2023) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kja.23159 · Cited by 2
Turi, S., Belletti, A., Marmiere, M., Faustini, C., Campugiani, A., D'Amico, F., Marchetti, C., Piazza, M. D., Maimeri, N., & Beretta, L. (2023) · Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.21037/jeccm-24-123 · Cited by 2
“In the last years, two multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials evaluated remimazolam efficacy for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia (7,8).”
Maimaitiming, A., Zhang, B., Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2025) · American journal of translational research · doi:10.62347/hwwn6029 · Cited by 2
“Studies have implicated several anesthetics to have a stabilizing effect on hemodynamic changes during the anesthesia induction period [24, 25].”
Gu, Y.-L., Liu, P.-P., Sun, Y., Wang, Y.-T., Zheng, J.-J., & Shen, Y. (2026) · Paediatric anaesthesia · doi:10.1002/pan.70303 · Cited by 1
Kim, D., & Kim, E. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.112079 · Cited by 1
Aquatic toxicity of propofol vs. remimazolam: an in‐silico comparison
Ho, C.-H., & Lu, C.-W. (2026) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.70199 · Cited by 1
Prižmić, G., Periš, F., Pešić, M. J., Mitar, A., Bego, A., Perković, S., & Stipić, S. S. (2026) · Medical Science · doi:10.3390/medsci14010129 · Cited by 1
“Remimazolam may be particularly effective in this context because it provides short-lasting anxiolysis and sedation during the vulnerable emergence phase, while its rapid metabolism limits residual effects [10,11].”
Hua, D., Jin, S., Min, K., Song, J., Pei, S., Li, Y., & Duan, R. (2025) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-025-03318-1 · Cited by 1
“Doi et al.‘s study indicated that induction doses of 6 mg/kg/h and 12 mg/ kg/h for remimazolam are not inferior to 2.0-2.5 mg/ kg/min of propofol [14].”
InfluentialSasaki, Y., Nakagawa, H., & Kitamura, A. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.96877 · Cited by 1
“Recently, remimazolam besylate (remimazolam), a short-acting intravenous anesthetic with minimal circulatory depression, was introduced [4], and it has been reported to cause fewer episodes of hypotension than propofol during anesthesia induction [5-7].”
Safety of Remimazolam in Vulnerable Populations
Ge, J.-Y., Deng, B.-R., Cao, X.-H., & Liu, X.-J. (2025) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s536873 · Cited by 1
Brusich, K. T., Šestan, M., Jurilj, Z., & Gašparović, A. Č. (2025) · Anesthesia Research · doi:10.3390/anesthres2020013 · Cited by 1
Effects of Aging on the Maintenance Dose of Remimazolam Anesthesia in Clinical Settings:
Takeda, T., Ogino, Y., Kani, S., Furutani, E., Asaga, T., & Shirakami, G. (2025) · The Kitakanto Medical Journal · doi:10.2974/kmj.75.117 · Cited by 1
Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics
Roberts, S., & Harrison, O. (2025) · Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.02.011 · Cited by 1
Remimazolam. A New Drug With Potential Applications in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
Deehan, C., & McMahon, S. (2025) · doi:10.28923/atotw.543 · Cited by 1
“Doi et al. (2020) evaluated remimazolam’s efficacy and safety in higher-risk ASA 3 surgical patients.”
Remimazolam – Update zu Grundlagen und klinischem Potenzial
Scheckenbach, V., & Drexler, B. (2024) · Die Anaesthesiologie · doi:10.1007/s00101-024-01450-0 · Cited by 1
Obata, Y., Seino, Y., Takeda, M., Sakamoto, M., & Inoue, S. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.55812 · Cited by 1
“The incidence of hypotension was similar in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class III patients, indicating that remimazolam can be used safely in critically ill patients [7].”
ResultNi, W.-W., Yi, X., Feng, L.-L., Shen, Y., Jiao, J.-L., Cai, Y., Fu, D., Han, Y., Jia, J., & Li, W.-X. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07739-6 · Cited by 1
“Doi et al. also demonstrated both induction regimens (6 and 12 mg/kg/h) were equally efficacious and safe in vulnerable patients (ASA III); a significantly shorter time to LOC (81.7 s vs 97.2 s) was observed with the higher remimazolam dosage [27].”
BackgroundInfluentialSeo, K., & Lee, J.-Y. (2023) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kja.23322 · Cited by 1
“It was comparable to a previous report where the time to awareness from the discontinuation of remimazolam was approximately 8–9 min in ASA-PS III patients who un derwent over 3 h of surgery [4].”
BackgroundResultRemimazolam: Five Years of Clinical Experience Since Its First-in-World Approval in Japan
Yamakage, M. (2025) · Open Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4236/ojanes.2025.1512022 · Cited by 1
Application Progress of Rimazzolam in Anesthesiology
Li, Y.-F. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1441355 · Cited by 1
Wang, Z.-K. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1461750 · Cited by 1
Research Progress of Remazolam for General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients
Jiang, X. (2023) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2023.13112553 · Cited by 1
Fujii, E., Imashuku, Y., Inoue, M., & Kitagawa, H. (2026) · Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/aca.aca_90_26
Kitaura, A., Mino, T., Yoshino, Y., Sakamoto, H., Matsushima, M., Nakayama, Y., & Nakajima, Y. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15207880
“Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine characterized by rapid metabolism, limited accumulation, and relatively modest cardiovascular depression [12–16].”
Kim, J., Karm, M.-H., & Jeon, S. (2026) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-026-03896-5
Sui, H.-Y., Wu, T., Gao, L.-J., He, Q., Fan, J.-M., & Li, Q. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09957-0
Wang, Q.-W., Wu, L., Wang, Z.-Q., Zhang, J., & Bai, S. (2026) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.121776
Jung, J.-Y., You, H.-J., Kwon, W., Kim, J., & Sung, T.-Y. (2026) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.137664
“Several randomized controlled trials and pooled analyses have demonstrated that remimazolam is a safe and effective agent for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, with more favorable hemodynamic profiles [7, 8].”
Seong, H., Jin, S., Song, Y. J., Park, W., Lee, H. A., & Cho, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1838670
Wu, Y., & Wang, J.-B. (2026) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s614204
“63 Additionally, cost-effectiveness analyses specific to surgery populations are currently lacking, representing an important consideration for resource allocation.”
Hemodynamic safety of remimazolam vs propofol in elderly patients
Tahir, N., Khan, A. H., Faryal, S., Faizan, M., Irshad, A., Iqbal, U., Wasay, M., Arsal, S., Kumar, A., Okon, I., et al. (2026) · World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · doi:10.4292/wjgpt.120256
Fu, L.-J., Lan, L., Chen, X.-M., Jiang, W.-C., Yu, R., Huang, X.-J., Liu, S., Xia, L.-Q., Zhou, Y.-K., Zhang, X.-J., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-57796-5
“In addition, the lower dose (6 mg/kg/h) and higher dose (12 mg/kg/h) of remimazolam led to similar hemodynamic suppression 11,20 .”
Kawashima, S., Kinoshita, H., & Kobayashi, A. (2026) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0000000000002404
Yue, W.-Z., Huang, J.-Y., Wang, Q., Zheng, F., Yin, P., Jin, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, L.-Z. (2026) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s597710
“22 Unlike other commonly used intravenous anesthetics, the magnitude of BIS values is not entirely equivalent to the depth of anesthesia.”
Shionoya, M., Koshika, K., & Ichinohe, T. (2026) · Anesthesia Progress · doi:10.2344/25-0005
Ohno, S., Yoshikawa, Y., Kurihara, D., Sato, Y., Kunigo, T., Takahashi, K., Sato, T., Hirahata, T., Maeda, M., Negishi, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2026.06.047
The vicious cycle: Delirium, sedation, and patient outcomes in critical care
Sasidharan, S., & Dhillon, H. (2026) · Current Medicine Research and Practice · doi:10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_42_25
Patient-controlled sedation with remimazolam in outpatient colonoscopy: a feasibility pilot study
Davodi, J., Møller, A. M., Vilmann, P., Steenholdt, C., Sloth, S., & Kovacevic, B. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2026.2657943
“…onset with swift recovery due to its organ-independent metabolism, making it an attractive candidate for the patient-controlled sedation (pCS) [2]. remimazolam has a rapid onset of action (typically within 1–3 min) and a short context-sensitive half-life of approximately 7–8 min, allowing for…”
Kotani, T., Ida, M., Naito, Y., Tanaka, N., & Kawaguchi, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-026-01433-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Doi, M., Hirata, N., Suzuki, T., Morisaki, H., Morimatsu, H., & Sakamoto, A.
- Affiliations
- Hamamatsu University Hospital (JP)
- Sapporo Medical University (JP)
- Tokai University (JP)
- Keio University (JP)
- Okayama University Hospital (JP)
- Nippon Medical School (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Doi, Matsuyuki
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Anesthesia
- Published
- 2020-04-17
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 491-501
- ISSN
- 0913-8668 (ISSN-L)
- 1438-8359
- OpenAlex
- W3016871582
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 37.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anesthesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Keywords
- remimazolam, general anesthesia induction, anesthesia maintenance, high-risk surgical patients, ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, hemodynamic stability, bispectral index, adverse drug reactions, recovery profiles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anesthesia, General, Benzodiazepines, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Japan, Maintenance, Midazolam, Propofol
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