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A follow-up study of postpartum depressed women: recurrent maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior after four years
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and self reported health of women who have shown previous postpartum depressive symptoms. To examine the behavior of four-year-old children born to mothers affected by postpartum depression.Methods Longitudinal study. The index group (n = 251) constituted of all women with postpartum depressive symptoms on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), in a population-based study made in the late 1990s. The control group (n = 502) consisted of women without postpartum depressive symptoms on the EPDS at the same occasion. Approximately four years after delivery these women were asked to answer a short questionnaire on general health, the EPDS, and also to assess their child's behavior with the Richman Pre-School Behaviour Checklist.Results Women with a history of postpartum depressive symptoms were approximately 6 times more likely to have recurrent depressive symptoms (OR = 5.82, 95% CI: 3.79-8.93), compared to those without postpartum depressive symptoms, and they were also more likely to experience physical and mental illness. Although postpartum depressive symptoms in the mothers were involved in explaining the likelihood of behavioral problems in their four-year-old children, mothers with current depressive symptoms were the most likely to have a child with behavioral problems (OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.88-11.78).Conclusion Postpartum depressive illness constitutes a risk for future illness as well as maternal perceived behavioral problems in offspring. In order to diminish long-term adverse consequences for the mother and the child there is a great need to recognize and treat women with postpartum depressive symptoms as early as possible.
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“when left untreated, are more likely to experience further episodes of depression later in life.10”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Josefsson, A., & Sydsjö, G.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2007-05-29
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 141-145
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2079131109
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, child behavior problems, maternal health, maternal mental illness, 4-year-old children, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Sweden, Depression, Postpartum
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