Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Lithiumgewinnung aus geothermalen Systemen in Deutschland – Teil 1: Literaturvergleich bestehender Extraktionstechnologien
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Zusammenfassung: Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit schätzt den Stand der Extraktionstechnologien zur Lithiumgewinnung aus geothermalen Wässern basierend auf aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Studien ab und identifiziert mögliche technische Herausforderungen. Bewertet werden häufig diskutierte Technologien wie Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion, selektive Extraktion durch anorganische Sorptionsmittel, elektrochemische Methoden und Membrantechnologien hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit und Integrierbarkeit in die geothermische Energieproduktion. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte haben verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden im Labor- und teilweise Prototypenmaßstab validiert. Eine Skalierung zu einem industriellen Prozess existiert bisher nicht. Dementsprechend fehlen Informationen bezüglich Dauerbetriebs sowie Einfluss standortspezifischer Hürden (Wasserchemie, Volumenstrom, Fließraten etc.) und zur tatsächlichen Wirtschaftlichkeit. Die Menge des rückgewinnbaren Lithiums ergibt sich in erster Linie aus der Konzentration des im Wasser gelösten Lithiums, der Extraktionseffizienz und -geschwindigkeit, sowie der Menge des verwendeten Extraktionsmittels. Das Zusammenspiel dieser Faktoren bestimmt die Verfahrenstechnik und die Größe der Extraktionsinfrastruktur. Je nach Verfahren werden die physikochemischen Eigenschaften des Wassers (pH, Eh, T, p etc.) während der Extraktion verändert, wodurch das Scaling- und Korrosionspotenzial gesteigert werden kann. Der aktuelle Stand der Technik zeigt ein frühes bis mittleres Technologiereifestadium bei Lithium-Extraktionseffizienzen in Laborexperimenten von 50–90 %. Unter den ungleich höheren Herausforderungen im laufenden Betrieb eines Geothermiekraftwerks, werden Extraktionseffizienzen im unteren Bereich dieser Bandbreite als realistisch angesehen.
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Detailed information on the technology used at each site is essential, ideally at a process level.
“Detailed information on the technology used at each site is essential, ideally at a process level.15,22,23,32,42−50,52−54,56−74”
From Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
The Water–Solid Interactions section (page unavailable) says geothermal systems must be assessed site by site and by process section, including extraction. The Technology Assessment section says inconsistent data hinder comparison, and Current Extraction Projects notes that project information cannot be independently verified. These passages support the need for site-specific detail, but do not explicitly say that process-level information on the technology used at each site is essential. (LLM, conf=0.81)
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References 87 · Cited by 20
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- Authors
- Goldberg, V., Kluge, T., & Nitschke, F.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Goldberg, Valentin
- Kluge, Tobias
- Nitschke, Fabian
- Venue
- Grundwasser
- Published
- 2022-09-23
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 239-259
- ISSN
- 1430-483X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1165
- OpenAlex
- W4297003076
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Grundwasser (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Forschungsbereich Energy, MTET (Materials and Technologies for the Energy Transition) Subtopic Geoenergy
- BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) Client II ,Projekt BrineMine
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
- Keywords
- lithium recovery, geothermal water, geothermal power plants, liquid-liquid extraction, inorganic sorbents, membrane separation, extraction efficiency, scaling and corrosion, industrial scalability, economic feasibility, water chemistry
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