Gender-related differences in migraine
Open accessAbstract
Migraine is considered mostly a woman's complaint, even if it affects also men. Epidemiological data show a higher incidence of the disease in women, starting from puberty throughout life. The sex-related differences of migraine hold clinical relevance too. The frequency, duration, and disability of attacks tend to be higher in women. Because of this, probably, they also consult specialists more frequently and take more prescription drugs than men. Different mechanisms have been evaluated to explain these differences. Hormonal milieu and its modulation of neuronal and vascular reactivity is probably one of the most important aspects. Estrogens and progesterone regulate a host of biological functions through two mechanisms: nongenomic and genomic. They influence several neuromediators and neurotransmitters, and they may cause functional and structural differences in several brain regions, involved in migraine pathogenesis. In addition to their central action, sex hormones exert rapid modulation of vascular tone. The resulting specific sex phenotype should be considered during clinical management and experimental studies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Comorbidity of other pain and mental states (depression and anxiety) is characteristic of women with migraine diagnosis and has been reported in previous chronic pain studies, suggesting that the mechanism of central sensitization may be a substrate or consequence of comorbidity.
“The comorbidity of other pain and mental states (depression and anxiety) is characteristic of women with migraine diagnosis and has been reported in previous chronic pain studies (Allais et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020), suggesting that the mechanism of central sensitization may be a substrate or consequence of comorbidity (Ashina et al., 2018).”
From The Development of Mindful-Based Dance Movement Therapy Intervention for Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study With Chronic Headache Patients (2021) · cites this paper as Allais et al., 2020
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 78 · Cited by 189
- Authors
- Allais, G., Chiarle, G., Sinigaglia, S., Airola, G., Schiapparelli, P., & Benedetto, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Allais, Gianni
- Venue
- Neurological Sciences
- Published
- 2020-08-26
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- S2
- Pages
- 429-436
- ISSN
- 1590-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1590-3478
- PMC
- PMC7704513
- OpenAlex
- W3080413337
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurological Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
- Keywords
- migraine, sex differences, women, estrogen, progesterone, vascular tone, migraine pathogenesis, sex hormones, migraine incidence, migraine disability
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Male, Migraine Disorders, Progesterone, Gonadal Steroid Hormones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
