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Microscopic processes of shearing fracture of old wood, examined using the acoustic emission technique
Open accessAbstract
We examined the process of microscopic fracturing peculiar to old wood, based on the generation characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) events and fracture surface analysis. The shearing tests of old wood obtained from construction-derived lumber and new wood within 3 years after lumbering were performed in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z 2101-1994). The species of wood used in this study was Japanese red pine. The old wood had been used as a beam in a building for 270 years. The number of the occurrences of AEs at low load levels was larger in the old wood than in the new wood. As a result of analyzing the AE amplitude distributions, we found that the period in which AEs with small amplitudes were frequently generated was longer in the old wood than in the new wood. Also, the fracture surfaces after the final rupture under scanning electron microscope showed more uneven and complicated surfaces in the old wood. Based on the above findings, we presume that during the shearing test the old wood underwent a relatively long and stable progress of microcracking before the final fracture.
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“In [12,28] no shear strength variation was reported comparing new and old specimens of respectively 120 and 270 years, while Attar-Hassan [55] reported a shear strength increase of about 17%.”
From A review on the mechanical properties of aged wood and salvaged timber (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Additionally, other authors report no significant variation in crystallinity between aged and new wood of hinoki [70] or for other wood species [28,32,71].”
From A review on the mechanical properties of aged wood and salvaged timber (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Hirashima Y, Sugihara M, Sasaki Y, Ando K, Yamasaki M (2004) Strength properties of aged wood I: tensile strength properties of aged keyaki and akamatsu woods (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 50:301–309
- Hirashima Y, Sugihara M, Sasaki Y, Ando K, Yamasaki M (2004) Strength properties of aged wood II: compressive strength properties, shearing strength and hardness of aged keyaki and akamatsu woods (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 50:368–375
- Hirashima Y, Sugihara M, Sasaki Y, Ando K, Yamasaki M (2005) Strength properties of aged wood III: static and impact bending strength properties of aged keyaki and akamatsu woods (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 51:146–152 · DOI · Paper page
- Ansell MP (1982) Acoustic emission from softwoods in tension. Wood Sci Technol 16:35–59 · DOI
- Ando K, Sato K (1993) Direct observation of micro-fracture process of wood by SEM and its acoustic emission characteristics under tension test (in Japanese). In: Proceedings of the 1993 national conference on acoustic emission, Okinawa, pp 85-90
- Ando K, Sato K, Fushitani M (1992) Fracture toughness and acoustic emission characteristics of wood II: effect of grain angle (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38:342–349
- Yamamoto H, Okuyama T, Yoshida M (1993) Method of determining the mean microfibril angle of wood over a wide range by the improved Cave’s method. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39:375–381
- Hermans PH, Weidinger A (1948) Quantitative X-ray investigations on the crystallinity of cellulose fibres. A background analysis. J Appl Phys 19:491–506 · DOI
- Kohara J, Okamoto H (1955) Studies on the permanence of wood XI: the crystallized region of cellulose in old timbers (in Japanese). J Jpn For Res 37:392–395
- Nakasa H (1978) Acoustic emission amplitude distribution and its signal processing (in Japanese). J Nondestruct Inspect Jpn 27:236–244
- Ando K, Ohta M (1995) Relationships between the morphology of micro-fractures of wood and the acoustic emission characteristics. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41:640–646
- Debaise GR, Porter AW, Pentoney RE (1966) Morphology and mechanics of wood fracture. Mater Res Stand 6:493–499
- Furukawa I (1978) Optical microscopic studies on the longitudinal tension failure of notched microtome sections (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 24:598–604
- Saiki H (1988) Failure modes of wood — basic types and terminology — (in Japanese). J Soc Mater Sci Jpn 37:529–534 · DOI
- Gordon JE, Jeronimidis G (1974) Work of fracture of natural cellulose. Nature 252:116 · DOI
- Schniewind AP, Bartels HJ, Gammon BW (1979) Effect of pre-loading on fracture toughness of wood. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Wood Fracture, Banff, pp 227-239
Cited by
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A review on the mechanical properties of aged wood and salvaged timber
Cavalli, A., Cibecchini, D., Togni, M., & Sousa, H. S. (2016) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.001 · Cited by 155
Effect of natural aging on wood
Kránitz, K. (2014) · ETH Zurich · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010388674 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Ando, K., Hirashima, Y., Sugihara, M., Hirao, S., & Sasaki, Y.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ando, Kosei
- ORCID
- Ando, Kosei
- Venue
- Journal of Wood Science
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 483-489
- ISSN
- 1435-0211 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-4663
- OpenAlex
- W2030268394
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Wood Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Rock Mechanics and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis
- Keywords
- old wood, acoustic emission, microcracking, Pinus densiflora, fractography
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