CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 24Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Novel therapeutic approaches in multiple system atrophy

Open access
Palma, Jose-Alberto, Kaufmann, Horacio·2015·Clinical Autonomic Research
DOI 10.1007/s10286-014-0249-7PMC PMC4265580
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic, adult onset, relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic abnormalities associated with parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, pyramidal signs, or combinations thereof. Treatments that can halt or reverse the progression of MSA have not yet been identified. MSA is neuropathologically defined by the presence of α-synuclein-containing inclusions, particularly in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes (glial cytoplasmic inclusions, GCIs), which are associated with neurodegeneration. The mechanisms by which oligodendrocytic α-synuclein inclusions cause neuronal death in MSA are not completely understood. The MSA neurodegenerative process likely comprises cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in a prion-like manner, α-synuclein aggregation, increased oxidative stress, abnormal expression of tubulin proteins, decreased expression of neurotrophic factors, excitotoxicity and microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. In an attempt to block each of these pathogenic mechanisms, several pharmacologic approaches have been tried and shown to exert neuroprotective effects in transgenic mouse or cellular models of MSA. These include sertraline, paroxetine, and lithium, which hamper arrival of α-synuclein to oligodendroglia; rifampicin, lithium, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit α-synuclein aggregation in oligodendrocytes; riluzole, rasagiline, fluoxetine and mesenchymal stem cells, which exert neuroprotective actions; and minocycline and intravenous immunoglobulins, which reduce neuroinflammation and microglial activation. These and other potential therapeutic strategies for MSA are summarized in this review.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10286-014-0249-7

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In PD patients fluoxetine is being used as adjuvant therapy to reduce neurodegeneration and inflammation, or more generally, the depression symptoms, and is effective in rodent models of PD as well as of multiple system atrophy.

    “Furthermore, in PD patients fluoxetine is being used as adjuvant therapy to reduce neurodegeneration and inflammation, or more generally, the depression symptoms, and is effective in rodent models of PD as well as of multiple system atrophy, a disease conducive to PD (Zhang et al., 2015;Boggio et al., 2005;Palma and Kaufmann, 2015).”

    From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Palma and Kaufmann, 2015

    Section 3.3, “Providing neuroprotection” (page unavailable), reports that fluoxetine increased neurotrophic factors in an α-synuclein mouse model and suppressed pro-inflammatory factors in cell cultures. It does not establish fluoxetine’s effectiveness in separate rodent models of both PD and MSA, or its use as an adjunct treatment for neurodegeneration, inflammation, or depression in PD patients. It says results of a fluoxetine trial in MSA patients had not yet been published. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 93

  1. [1]Wenning GK Geser F Krismer F The natural history of multiple system atrophy: a prospective European cohort study Lancet Neurol 2013 12 3 264 274 23391524 PMC3581815
  2. [2]Roncevic D Palma JA Martinez J Goulding N Norcliffe-Kaufmann L Kaufmann H Cerebellar and parkinsonian phenotypes in multiple system atrophy: similarities, differences and survival J Neural Transm 2013 PMC4134009 24337696
  3. [3]Watanabe H Saito Y Terao S Progression and prognosis in multiple system atrophy: an analysis of 230 Japanese patients Brain 2002 125 Pt 5 1070 1083 11960896
  4. [4]Kollensperger M Geser F Ndayisaba JP Presentation, diagnosis, and management of multiple system atrophy in Europe: final analysis of the European multiple system atrophy registry Mov Disord 2010 25 15 2604 2612 20922810
  5. [6]Jakes R Spillantini MG Goedert M Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain FEBS Lett 1994 345 1 27 32 8194594
  6. [7]Lee FJ Liu F Pristupa ZB Niznik HB Direct binding and functional coupling of alpha-synuclein to the dopamine transporters accelerate dopamine-induced apoptosis FASEB J 2001 15 6 916 926 11292651
  7. [8]Burre J Vivona S Diao J Sharma M Brunger AT Sudhof TC Properties of native brain alpha-synuclein Nature 2013 498 7453 E4 6 discussion E6–7 23765500 PMC4255827
  8. [10]Wakabayashi K Yoshimoto M Tsuji S Takahashi H Alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy Neurosci Lett 1998 249 2–3 180 182 9682846
  9. [12]Tong J Wong H Guttman M Brain alpha-synuclein accumulation in multiple system atrophy, Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: a comparative investigation Brain 2010 133 Pt 1 172 188 19903734
  10. [13]Wakabayashi K Takahashi H Cellular pathology in multiple system atrophy Neuropathology 2006 26 4 338 345 16961071
  11. [14]Yoshida M Multiple system atrophy: alpha-synuclein and neuronal degeneration Neuropathology 2007 27 5 484 493 18018485
  12. [15]Stefanova N Reindl M Neumann M Oxidative stress in transgenic mice with oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein overexpression replicates the characteristic neuropathology of multiple system atrophy Am J Pathol 2005 166 3 869 876 15743798 PMC1602361
  13. [16]Miller DW Johnson JM Solano SM Hollingsworth ZR Standaert DG Young AB Absence of alpha-synuclein mRNA expression in normal and multiple system atrophy oligodendroglia J Neural Transm 2005 112 12 1613 1624 16284907
  14. [17]Ozawa T Okuizumi K Ikeuchi T Wakabayashi K Takahashi H Tsuji S Analysis of the expression level of alpha-synuclein mRNA using postmortem brain samples from pathologically confirmed cases of multiple system atrophy Acta Neuropathol 2001 102 2 188 190 11563635
  15. [18]Lee SJ Origins and effects of extracellular alpha-synuclein: implications in Parkinson’s disease J Mol Neurosci 2008 34 1 17 22 18157654
  16. [19]Kordower JH Freeman TB Olanow CW Neuropathology of fetal nigral grafts in patients with Parkinson’s disease Mov Disord 1998 13 Suppl 1 88 95 9613724
  17. [20]Lee HJ Suk JE Bae EJ Lee JH Paik SR Lee SJ Assembly-dependent endocytosis and clearance of extracellular alpha-synuclein Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008 40 9 1835 1849 18291704
  18. [21]Tsigelny IF Sharikov Y Wrasidlo W Role of alpha-synuclein penetration into the membrane in the mechanisms of oligomer pore formation The FEBS journal 2012 279 6 1000 1013 22251432 PMC3925782
  19. [22]Lee HJ Bae EJ Lee SJ Extracellular alpha-synuclein-a novel and crucial factor in Lewy body diseases Nat Rev Neurol 2014 10 2 92 98 24468877
  20. [23]Desplats P Lee HJ Bae EJ Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 106 31 13010 13015 19651612 PMC2722313
  21. [24]Lee HJ Suk JE Patrick C Direct transfer of alpha-synuclein from neuron to astroglia causes inflammatory responses in synucleinopathies J Biol Chem 2010 285 12 9262 9272 20071342 PMC2838344
  22. [26]Masuda-Suzukake M Nonaka T Hosokawa M Prion-like spreading of pathological alpha-synuclein in brain Brain 2013 136 Pt 4 1128 1138 23466394 PMC3613715
  23. [27]Watts JC Giles K Oehler A Transmission of multiple system atrophy prions to transgenic mice Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013 110 48 19555 19560 24218576 PMC3845125
  24. [28]Chavarria C Souza JM Oxidation and nitration of alpha-synuclein and their implications in neurodegenerative diseases Arch Biochem Biophys 2013 533 1–2 25 32 23454347
  25. [29]Giasson BI Duda JE Murray IV Oxidative damage linked to neurodegeneration by selective alpha-synuclein nitration in synucleinopathy lesions Science 2000 290 5493 985 989 11062131
  26. [30]Ubhi K Lee PH Adame A Mitochondrial inhibitor 3-nitroproprionic acid enhances oxidative modification of alpha-synuclein in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy J Neurosci Res 2009 87 12 2728 2739 19405128 PMC2885901
  27. [31]Hanna PA Jankovic J Kirkpatrick JB Multiple system atrophy: the putative causative role of environmental toxins Arch Neurol 1999 56 1 90 94 9923766
  28. [32]Soma H Yabe I Takei A Fujiki N Yanagihara T Sasaki H Associations between multiple system atrophy and polymorphisms of SLC1A4, SQSTM1, and EIF4EBP1 genes Mov Disord 2008 23 8 1161 1167 18442140
  29. [33]Stefanova N Georgievska B Eriksson H Poewe W Wenning GK Myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorates multiple system atrophy-like degeneration in a transgenic mouse model Neurotox Res 2012 21 4 393 404 22161470
  30. [34]Lindersson E Lundvig D Petersen C p25alpha Stimulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and is co-localized with aggregated alpha-synuclein in alpha-synucleinopathies J Biol Chem 2005 280 7 5703 5715 15590652
  31. [35]Song YJ Lundvig DM Huang Y p25alpha relocalizes in oligodendroglia from myelin to cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy Am J Pathol 2007 171 4 1291 1303 17823288 PMC1988878
  32. [36]Hasegawa T Baba T Kobayashi M Role of TPPP/p25 on alpha-synuclein-mediated oligodendroglial degeneration and the protective effect of SIRT2 inhibition in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy Neurochem Int 2010 57 8 857 866 20849899
  33. [37]Nakayama K Suzuki Y Yazawa I Microtubule depolymerization suppresses alpha-synuclein accumulation in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy Am J Pathol 2009 174 4 1471 1480 19286568 PMC2671377
  34. [38]Goldbaum O Jensen PH Richter-Landsberg C The expression of tubulin polymerization promoting protein TPPP/p25alpha is developmentally regulated in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes and affected by proteolytic stress Glia 2008 56 16 1736 1746 18563798
  35. [39]Stefanova N Kaufmann WA Humpel C Poewe W Wenning GK Systemic proteasome inhibition triggers neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model expressing human alpha-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy Acta Neuropathol 2012 124 1 51 65 22491959 PMC3377902
  36. [41]Kawamoto Y Nakamura S Matsuo A Akiguchi I Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-like immunoreactivity in the cerebella of normal subjects and patients with multiple system atrophy Acta Neuropathol 2000 100 2 131 137 10963359
  37. [43]Domercq M Sanchez-Gomez MV Sherwin C Etxebarria E Fern R Matute C System xc- and glutamate transporter inhibition mediates microglial toxicity to oligodendrocytes J Immunol 2007 178 10 6549 6556 17475885
  38. [44]Ishizawa K Komori T Sasaki S Arai N Mizutani T Hirose T Microglial activation parallels system degeneration in multiple system atrophy J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004 63 1 43 52 14748560
  39. [45]Stefanova N Reindl M Neumann M Kahle PJ Poewe W Wenning GK Microglial activation mediates neurodegeneration related to oligodendroglial alpha-synucleinopathy: implications for multiple system atrophy Mov Disord 2007 22 15 2196 2203 17853477
  40. [46]Gerhard A Banati RB Goerres GB [11C](R)-PK11195 PET imaging of microglial activation in multiple system atrophy Neurology 2003 61 5 686 689 12963764
  41. [47]Scherfler C Sather T Diguet E Riluzole improves motor deficits and attenuates loss of striatal neurons in a sequential double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy) J Neural Transm 2005 112 8 1025 1033 15583958
  42. [48]Bakiri Y Burzomato V Frugier G Hamilton NB Karadottir R Attwell D Glutamatergic signaling in the brain’s white matter Neuroscience 2009 158 1 266 274 18314276
  43. [49]Fern R Moller T Rapid ischemic cell death in immature oligodendrocytes: a fatal glutamate release feedback loop J Neurosci 2000 20 1 34 42 10627578 PMC6774094
  44. [50]Butt AM Neurotransmitter-mediated calcium signalling in oligodendrocyte physiology and pathology Glia 2006 54 7 666 675 17006895
  45. [51]Li J Baud O Vartanian T Volpe JJ Rosenberg PA Peroxynitrite generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase mediates microglial toxicity to oligodendrocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005 102 28 9936 9941 15998743 PMC1174990
  46. [52]Konno M Hasegawa T Baba T Suppression of dynamin GTPase decreases alpha-synuclein uptake by neuronal and oligodendroglial cells: a potent therapeutic target for synucleinopathy Mol Neurodegener 2012 7 38 22892036 PMC3479026
  47. [53]Friess E Kuempfel T Modell S Paroxetine treatment improves motor symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006 12 7 432 437 16769235
  48. [54]Ozawa T Sekiya K Sekine Y Maintaining glottic opening in multiple system atrophy: efficacy of serotonergic therapy Mov Disord 2012 27 7 919 921 22517540
  49. [55]Ubhi K Rockenstein E Mante M Rifampicin reduces alpha-synuclein in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy Neuroreport 2008 19 13 1271 1276 18695506 PMC2885900
  50. [56]Nakayama K Suzuki Y Yazawa I Binding of neuronal alpha-synuclein to beta-III tubulin and accumulation in a model of multiple system atrophy Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012 417 4 1170 1175 22227187
  51. [57]Low PA Robertson D Gilman S Efficacy and safety of rifampicin for multiple system atrophy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet Neurol 2014 13 3 268 275 24507091 PMC4030757
  52. [58]Sacca F Marsili A Quarantelli M A randomized clinical trial of lithium in multiple system atrophy J Neurol 2013 260 2 458 461 22932748
  53. [59]Hirohata M Ono K Morinaga A Yamada M Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have potent anti-fibrillogenic and fibril-destabilizing effects for alpha-synuclein fibrils in vitro Neuropharmacology 2008 54 3 620 627 18164319
  54. [60]El-Agnaf OM Paleologou KE Greer B A strategy for designing inhibitors of alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity as a novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease and related disorders FASEB J 2004 18 11 1315 1317 15180968
  55. [61]Kim YS Lim D Kim JY Kang SJ Kim YH Im H beta-Sheet-breaking peptides inhibit the fibrillation of human alpha-synuclein Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009 387 4 682 687 19622344
  56. [62]Shaltiel-Karyo R Frenkel-Pinter M Egoz-Matia N Inhibiting alpha-synuclein oligomerization by stable cell-penetrating beta-synuclein fragments recovers phenotype of Parkinson’s disease model flies PLoS One 2010 5 11 e13863 21085664 PMC2978097
  57. [63]Mazzulli JR Mishizen AJ Giasson BI Cytosolic catechols inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation and facilitate the formation of intracellular soluble oligomeric intermediates J Neurosci 2006 26 39 10068 10078 17005870 PMC6674486
  58. [64]Shaltiel-Karyo R Frenkel-Pinter M Rockenstein E A blood-brain barrier (BBB) disrupter is also a potent alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) aggregation inhibitor: a novel dual mechanism of mannitol for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) J Biol Chem 2013 288 24 17579 17588 23637226 PMC3682557
  59. [65]Di Giovanni S Eleuteri S Paleologou KE Entacapone and tolcapone, two catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors, block fibril formation of alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid and protect against amyloid-induced toxicity J Biol Chem 2010 285 20 14941 14954 20150427 PMC2865316
  60. [66]Shaltiel-Karyo R Davidi D Frenkel-Pinter M Ovadia M Segal D Gazit E Differential inhibition of alpha-synuclein oligomeric and fibrillar assembly in parkinson’s disease model by cinnamon extract Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 1820 10 1628 1635 22575665
  61. [67]Horvath I Sellstedt M Weise C Modulation of alpha-synuclein fibrillization by ring-fused 2-pyridones: templation and inhibition involve oligomers with different structure Arch Biochem Biophys 2013 532 2 84 90 23399432
  62. [68]Lau A Tymianski M Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration Pflugers Arch 2010 460 2 525 542 20229265
  63. [69]Cheah BC Vucic S Krishnan AV Kiernan MC Riluzole, neuroprotection and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Curr Med Chem 2010 17 18 1942 1199 20377511
  64. [70]Bensimon G Ludolph A Agid Y Riluzole treatment, survival and diagnostic criteria in Parkinson plus disorders: the NNIPPS study Brain 2009 132 Pt 1 156 171 19029129 PMC2638696
  65. [71]Liu SB Zhang N Guo YY G-protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates rapid neuroprotective effects of estrogen via depression of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors J Neurosci 2012 32 14 4887 4900 22492045 PMC6620914
  66. [72]Heo JH Lee ST Chu K Kim M The efficacy of combined estrogen and buspirone treatment in olivopontocerebellar atrophy J Neurol Sci 2008 271 1–2 87 90 18466925
  67. [73]Alberdi E Sanchez-Gomez MV Torre I Activation of kainate receptors sensitizes oligodendrocytes to complement attack J Neurosci 2006 26 12 3220 3228 16554473 PMC6674098
  68. [74]Stys PK Lipton SA White matter NMDA receptors: an unexpected new therapeutic target? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007 28 11 561 566 17961731
  69. [75]Matute C P2X7 receptors in oligodendrocytes: a novel target for neuroprotection Mol Neurobiol 2008 38 2 123 128 18704769
  70. [76]Olanow CW Rascol O Hauser R A double-blind, delayed-start trial of rasagiline in Parkinson’s disease N Engl J Med 2009 361 13 1268 1278 19776408
  71. [77]Jenner P Langston JW Explaining ADAGIO: a critical review of the biological basis for the clinical effects of rasagiline Mov Disord 2011 26 13 2316 2323 21953831
  72. [78]Stefanova N Poewe W Wenning GK Rasagiline is neuroprotective in a transgenic model of multiple system atrophy Exp Neurol 2008 210 2 421 427 18222424
  73. [80]Holmberg B Johansson JO Poewe W Safety and tolerability of growth hormone therapy in multiple system atrophy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study Mov Disord 2007 22 8 1138 1144 17469198
  74. [81]Ubhi K Inglis C Mante M Fluoxetine ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a transgenic model mouse of alpha-synucleinopathy Exp Neurol 2012 234 2 405 416 22281106 PMC3897235
  75. [82]Zhang F Zhou H Wilson BC Shi JS Hong JS Gao HM Fluoxetine protects neurons against microglial activation-mediated neurotoxicity Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012 18 Suppl 1 S213 217 22166439 PMC3608679
  76. [83]Kohl Z Winner B Ubhi K Fluoxetine rescues impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in a transgenic A53T synuclein mouse model Eur J Neurosci 2012 35 1 10 19 22211740 PMC3251944
  77. [85]Dezawa M Kanno H Hoshino M Specific induction of neuronal cells from bone marrow stromal cells and application for autologous transplantation J Clin Invest 2004 113 12 1701 1710 15199405 PMC420509
  78. [86]Caplan AI Dennis JE Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators J Cell Biochem 2006 98 5 1076 1084 16619257
  79. [87]Park HJ Bang G Lee BR Kim HO Lee PH Neuroprotective effect of human mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of double toxin-induced multiple system atrophy parkinsonism Cell Transplant 2011 20 6 827 835 21054946
  80. [88]Stemberger S Jamnig A Stefanova N Lepperdinger G Reindl M Wenning GK Mesenchymal stem cells in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy: immunomodulation and neuroprotection PLoS One 2011 6 5 e19808 21625635 PMC3097217
  81. [89]Lee PH Kim JW Bang OY Ahn YH Joo IS Huh K Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy delays the progression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple system atrophy Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008 83 5 723 730 17898702
  82. [90]Quinn N Barker RA Wenning GK Are trials of intravascular infusions of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in patients with multiple system atrophy currently justified, and are they effective? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008 83 5 663 665 18425088
  83. [91]Lee PH Lee JE Kim HS A randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy Ann Neurol 2012 72 1 32 40 22829267
  84. [92]Low PA Gilman S Are trials of intravascular infusions of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in patients with multiple system atrophy currently justified, and are they effective? Ann Neurol 2012 72 1 4 5 22829263
  85. [93]Benarroch EE Microglia: Multiple roles in surveillance, circuit shaping, and response to injury Neurology 2013 81 12 1079 1088 23946308
  86. [94]Dheen ST Kaur C Ling EA Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases Curr Med Chem 2007 14 11 1189 1197 17504139
  87. [95]Nikodemova M Watters JJ Jackson SJ Yang SK Duncan ID Minocycline down-regulates MHC II expression in microglia and macrophages through inhibition of IRF-1 and protein kinase C (PKC)alpha/betaII J Biol Chem 2007 282 20 15208 15216 17395590
  88. [96]Dodel R Spottke A Gerhard A Minocycline 1-year therapy in multiple-system-atrophy: effect on clinical symptoms and [(11)C] (R)-PK11195 PET (MEMSA-trial) Mov Disord 2010 25 1 97 107 20014118
  89. [97]Patwa HS Chaudhry V Katzberg H Rae-Grant AD So YT Evidence-based guideline: intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology 2012 78 13 1009 1015 22454268
  90. [98]Novak P Williams A Ravin P Zurkiya O Abduljalil A Novak V Treatment of multiple system atrophy using intravenous immunoglobulin BMC Neurol 2012 12 131 23116538 PMC3551813
  91. [99]Patrias LM Klaver AC Coffey MP Loeffler DA Specific antibodies to soluble alpha-synuclein conformations in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations Clin Exp Immunol 2010 161 3 527 535 20646004 PMC2962971
  92. [100]Masliah E Rockenstein E Mante M Passive immunization reduces behavioral and neuropathological deficits in an alpha-synuclein transgenic model of Lewy body disease PLoS One 2011 6 4 e19338 21559417 PMC3084838
  93. [101]Bae EJ Lee HJ Rockenstein E Antibody-aided clearance of extracellular alpha-synuclein prevents cell-to-cell aggregate transmission J Neurosci 2012 32 39 13454 13469 23015436 PMC3752153

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Palma, J.-A., & Kaufmann, H.
Affiliations
NYU Langone Health (US)
Corresponding author
Kaufmann, Horacio
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Autonomic Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-06-14
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
37-45
ISSN
  • 0959-9851 (ISSN-L)
  • 1619-1560
DOI
10.1007/s10286-014-0249-7
PMC
PMC4265580
OpenAlex
W2103207481
Cited by
24
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI
0.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Autonomic Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Dysautonomia Foundation
  • Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network
  • Multiple System Atrophy Coalition
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS065736)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
multiple system atrophy, alpha-synuclein, glial cytoplasmic inclusions, oligodendrocytes, neurodegeneration, alpha-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, microglial activation, neuroprotection, sertraline, paroxetine, lithium, rifampicin, riluzole, rasagiline, fluoxetine, mesenchymal stem cells, minocycline, intravenous immunoglobulin, autonomic dysfunction, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Oligodendroglia, Disease Progression, Neuroprotective Agents, Multiple System Atrophy, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mice, alpha-Synuclein

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review