The 4.2 ka BP climate event in Egypt: integration of archaeological, geoarchaeological, and bioarchaeological evidence
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The results underscore the congruence between the 4.2 ka aridification event around 2250 BCE and the political fragmentation that concluded the Old Kingdom, instigating the First Intermediate Period.
“Our results also continue to underscore the congruence between the 4.2 ka aridification event (c. 2250 BCE) and the political fragmentation that concluded the OK (instigating the First Intermediate Period, FIP) [60,61].”
From Resolution of the High versus Low debate for Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
Cites
Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence
Stanke, C., Kerac, M., Prudhomme, C., Medlock, J., & Murray, V. (2013) · PLoS Currents · doi:10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
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Resolution of the High versus Low debate for Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt
Erdil, P., Webster, L., Kuitems, M., Knoblauch, C., Bestock, L., Höflmayer, F., Beeckman, H., Fuller, D. Q., Manning, S. W., & Dee, M. W. (2025) · PLOS One · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314612 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Our results also continue to underscore the congruence between the 4.2 ka aridification event (c. 2250 BCE) and the political fragmentation that concluded the OK (instigating the First Intermediate Period, FIP) [60,61].”
Influential
- Authors
- Younes, M. A., & Bakry, A.
- Affiliations
- Cairo University (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Younes, Mohamed A.
- Bakry, Aboualhassan
- ORCID
- Bakry, Aboualhassan
- Venue
- African Archaeological Review
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-344
- ISSN
- 0263-0338 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9842
- OpenAlex
- W4294391026
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 22.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-09-16)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- African Archaeological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- global drought, aridification, aeolian desertification, crop yield, famine, First Intermediate Period, political fragmentation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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