Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative
Open accessAbstract
Evidence implicating hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the etiology of colorectal cancer suggests that a diet characterized by a high glycemic index and load may increase the risk of this disease, but previous studies have yielded inconsistent results. We assessed the association between intake of total carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of individual diets, and risk of developing colorectal cancer among 158,800 participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). We used a GI/GL database developed specifically for the WHI food-frequency questionnaire. Over an average of 7.8 years of follow-up, 1,476 incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between dietary factors classified by quintiles and risk of colorectal cancer, with adjustment for covariates. Total carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and intake of sugars and fiber showed no association with colorectal cancer. Analyses by cancer subsite also yielded null results, with the exception of a borderline positive association between glycemic load and rectal cancer (HR for the highest versus lowest quintile 1.84, 95% confidence interval 0.95-3.56, p for trend 0.05). Analyses stratified by tertiles of body mass index and physical activity showed no evidence of effect modification by these factors. Results of this large study do not support of a role of a diet characterized by high glycemic index or load in colorectal carcinogenesis in postmenopausal women.
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Evidence of associations between high glycemic index/load diets and cancer risk is mixed.
“However, evidence of their associations with cancer risk is mixed (28,34,35).”
From Diabetes and Cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [34]
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References 36 · Cited by 67
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [32]Rothman KJ Greenland S 1998 Modern Epidemiology 2 Philadelphia Lippincott-Raven
- Authors
- Kabat, G. C., Shikany, J. M., Beresford, S. A. A., Caan, B., Neuhouser, M. L., Tinker, L. F., & Rohan, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kabat, Geoffrey C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Causes & Control
- Published
- 2008-07-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1291-1298
- ISSN
- 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7225
- PMC
- PMC3856717
- OpenAlex
- W2070601333
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01wh32100-28-0-1, n01wh22110-38-0-0, N01 WH032100, N01 WH022110)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- colorectal cancer, glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary carbohydrates, dietary sugar, dietary fiber, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, rectal cancer, postmenopausal women, Women's Health Initiative, cancer risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Confidence Intervals, Proportional Hazards Models, Postmenopause, Glycemic Index
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