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Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
Open accessAbstract
We aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45 years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0-82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90 g/day), legumes (≥135 g/week), nuts (≥15 g/day), dairy (≥350 g/day), fish (≥100 g/week), tea (≥450 mL/day), ratio whole-grains:total grains (≥50%), ratio unsaturated fats and oils:total fats (≥50%), red and processed meat (<300 g/week), sugar-containing beverages (≤150 mL/day), alcohol (≤10 g/day) and salt (≤6 g/day). Total adherence was calculated as sum-score of the adherence to the individual items (0-14). Information on disease incidence and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up period of 13.5 years (range 0-27.0) was obtained from data collected at our research center and from medical records. Using Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for confounders, we observed every additional component adhered to was associated with a 3% lower mortality risk (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95; 0.98), lower risk of stroke (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92; 0.99), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91; 0.98), colorectal cancer (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84; 0.96), and depression (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95; 0.999), but not with incidence of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, lung cancer, breast cancer, or dementia. These associations were not driven by any of the individual dietary components. To conclude, adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines was associated with a lower mortality risk and a lower risk of developing some but not all of the chronic diseases on which the guidelines were based.
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“adherence to FBDGs has been associated with desirable outcomes in multiple domains such as a better quality of life [5,6] and mental health [7], healthy weight maintenance, and lower risk of major chronic diseases [for example, CVD, type 2 diabetes (T2D), multiple cancers [2,[8], [9], [10]]] and all-cause mortality [2,9,11].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Voortman, T., Kiefte-de Jong, J. C., Ikram, M. A., Stricker, B. H., van Rooij, F. J. A., Lahousse, L., Tiemeier, H., Brusselle, G. G., Franco, O. H., & Schoufour, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Voortman, Trudy
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2017-08-19
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 993-1005
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- PMC
- PMC5684301
- OpenAlex
- W2749030620
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 13.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Vlaamse regering
- Nestec
- Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- dietary guidelines adherence, non-communicable diseases, all-cause mortality, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colorectal cancer, depression, criterion validity, dietary intake, whole grains, fruit and vegetable intake, red and processed meat, sweetened beverages, alcohol consumption, salt intake, unsaturated fat, Rotterdam Study, older adults, disease incidence
- MeSH terms
- Noncommunicable Diseases, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Chronic Disease, Diet Surveys, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Netherlands, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Guidelines as Topic, Nutrition Policy, Guideline Adherence
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