The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
JEMMA: An extensible Java dataset for ML4Code applications
Abstract
Machine Learning for Source Code () is an active research field in which extensive experimentation is needed to discover how to best use source code’s richly structured information. With this in mind, we introduce : An Extensible Java Dataset for Applications, which is a large-scale, diverse, and high-quality dataset targeted at . Our goal with is to lower the barrier to entry in by providing the building blocks to experiment with source code models and tasks. comes with a considerable amount of pre-processed information such as metadata, representations (e.g., code tokens, ASTs, graphs), and several properties (e.g., metrics, static analysis results) for 50,000 Java projects from the dataset, with over 1.2 million classes and over 8 million methods. is also extensible allowing users to add new properties and representations to the dataset, and evaluate tasks on them. Thus, becomes a workbench that researchers can use to experiment with novel representations and tasks operating on source code. To demonstrate the utility of the dataset, we also report results from two empirical studies on our data, ultimately showing that significant work lies ahead in the design of context-aware source code models that can reason over a broader network of source code entities in a software project—the very task that is designed to help with.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Transformers: State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing
Wolf, T., Debut, L., Sanh, V., Chaumond, J., Delangue, C., Moi, A., Cistac, P., Rault, T., Louf, R., Funtowicz, M., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.6 · Cited by 8,741
CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural Languages
Feng, Z., Guo, D., Tang, D., Duan, N., Feng, X., Gong, M., Shou, L., Qin, B., Liu, T., Jiang, D., et al. (2020) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020 · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.139 · Cited by 2,824
Wang, Y., Wang, W., Joty, S., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.685 · Cited by 1,495
Wang, Y., Wang, W., Joty, S., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.00859 · Cited by 1,495
Yu, T., Zhang, R., Yang, K., Yasunaga, M., Wang, D., Li, Z., Ma, J., Li, I., Yao, Q., Roman, S., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1425 · Cited by 1,034
code2vec: Learning distributed representations of code
Alon, U., Zilberstein, M., Levy, O., & Yahav, E. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · doi:10.1145/3290353 · Cited by 962
Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inference
McCoy, R. T., Pavlick, E., & Linzen, T. (2019) · Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1334 · Cited by 944
Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Data
Gururangan, S., Swayamdipta, S., Levy, O., Schwartz, R., Bowman, S., & Smith, N. A. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-2017 · Cited by 907
Summarizing Source Code using a Neural Attention Model
Iyer, S., Konstas, I., Cheung, A., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2016) · Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1195 · Cited by 701
Recognition in Terra Incognita
Beery, S., Van Horn, G., & Perona, P. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01270-0_28 · Cited by 679
Convolutional Neural Networks over Tree Structures for Programming Language Processing
Mou, L., Li, G., Zhang, L., Wang, T., & Jin, Z. (2016) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v30i1.10139 · Cited by 675
Unified Pre-training for Program Understanding and Generation
Ahmad, W., Chakraborty, S., Ray, B., & Chang, K.-W. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.211 · Cited by 642
SourcererCC: scaling code clone detection to big-code
Sajnani, H., Saini, V., Svajlenko, J., Roy, C. K., & Lopes, C. V. (2016) · Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/2884781.2884877 · Cited by 447
The Qualitas Corpus: A Curated Collection of Java Code for Empirical Studies
Tempero, E., Anslow, C., Dietrich, J., Han, T., Li, J., Lumpe, M., Melton, H., & Noble, J. (2010) · 2010 Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference · doi:10.1109/apsec.2010.46 · Cited by 407
Hovemeyer, D., & Pugh, W. (2004) · ACM SIGPLAN Notices · doi:10.1145/1052883.1052895 · Cited by 397
An Empirical Study on Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translation
Tufano, M., Watson, C., Bavota, G., Penta, M. D., White, M., & Poshyvanyk, D. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3340544 · Cited by 370
DeepBugs: a learning approach to name-based bug detection
Pradel, M., & Sen, K. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · doi:10.1145/3276517 · Cited by 342
Mining source code repositories at massive scale using language modeling
Allamanis, M., & Sutton, C. (2013) · 2013 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr.2013.6624029 · Cited by 313
Self-citationOn the naturalness of software
Hindle, A., Barr, E. T., Gabel, M., Su, Z., & Devanbu, P. (2016) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/2902362 · Cited by 307
A Neural Model for Generating Natural Language Summaries of Program Subroutines
LeClair, A., Jiang, S., & McMillan, C. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) · doi:10.1109/icse.2019.00087 · Cited by 294
Are deep neural networks the best choice for modeling source code?
Hellendoorn, V. J., & Devanbu, P. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3106237.3106290 · Cited by 292
The adverse effects of code duplication in machine learning models of code
Allamanis, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software · doi:10.1145/3359591.3359735 · Cited by 284
Self-citationMoving Fast with Software Verification
Calcagno, C., Distefano, D., Dubreil, J., Gabi, D., Hooimeijer, P., Luca, M., O’Hearn, P., Papakonstantinou, I., Purbrick, J., & Rodriguez, D. (2015) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17524-9_1 · Cited by 261
Cordy, J. R., & Roy, C. K. (2011) · 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Program Comprehension · doi:10.1109/icpc.2011.26 · Cited by 256
Boa: A language and infrastructure for analyzing ultra-large-scale software repositories
Dyer, R., Nguyen, H. A., Rajan, H., & Nguyen, T. N. (2013) · 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) · doi:10.1109/icse.2013.6606588 · Cited by 255
Using origin analysis to detect merging and splitting of source code entities
Godfrey, M. W., & Zou, L. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2005.28 · Cited by 248
Bodden, E., Sewe, A., Sinschek, J., Oueslati, H., & Mezini, M. (2011) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/1985793.1985827 · Cited by 241
Learning to mine aligned code and natural language pairs from stack overflow
Yin, P., Deng, B., Chen, E., Vasilescu, B., & Neubig, G. (2018) · Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories · doi:10.1145/3196398.3196408 · Cited by 218 · cited 2×
“2016), CoNaLa (Yin et al. 2018), and StaQC (Yao et al.”
BackgroundMethodDéjàVu: a map of code duplicates on GitHub
Lopes, C. V., Maj, P., Martins, P., Saini, V., Yang, D., Zitny, J., Sajnani, H., & Vitek, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · doi:10.1145/3133908 · Cited by 183
Big code != big vocabulary: open-vocabulary models for source code
Karampatsis, R.-M., Babii, H., Robbes, R., Sutton, C., & Janes, A. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3377811.3380342 · Cited by 182
Self-citationEvaluating clone detection tools with BigCloneBench
Svajlenko, J., & Roy, C. K. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME) · doi:10.1109/icsm.2015.7332459 · Cited by 172
Li, Y., Wang, S., Nguyen, T. N., & Nguyen, S. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · doi:10.1145/3360588 · Cited by 171
Allamanis, M., Barr, E. T., Ducousso, S., & Gao, Z. (2020) · ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI) · doi:10.1145/3385412.3385997 · Cited by 135
Self-citationRecommendations for Datasets for Source Code Summarization
LeClair, A., & McMillan, C. (2019) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1394 · Cited by 120
Karampatsis, R.-M., Sutton, C., Informatics, S. O., Institute for Machine Learning, & Intelligence, D. S. A. A. (2020) · Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3653444 · Cited by 117
How many of all bugs do we find? a study of static bug detectors
Habib, A., & Pradel, M. (2018) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) · doi:10.1145/3238147.3238213 · Cited by 109
Allamanis, M., Barr, E. T., Ducousso, S., & Gao, Z. (2020) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 103
Self-citationAn Empirical Study on the Usage of BERT Models for Code Completion
Ciniselli, M., Cooper, N., Pascarella, L., Poshyvanyk, D., Penta, M. D., & Bavota, G. (2021) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr52588.2021.00024 · Cited by 102
ReACC: A Retrieval-Augmented Code Completion Framework
Lu, S., Duan, N., Han, H., Guo, D., Hwang, S.-W., & Svyatkovskiy, A. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2203.07722 · Cited by 96
StaQC: A Systematically Mined Question-Code Dataset from Stack Overflow
Yao, Z., Weld, D. S., Chen, W., & Sun, H. (2018) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3178876.3186081 · Cited by 93
Large-scale, AST-based API-usage analysis of open-source Java projects
Lämmel, R., Pek, E., & Starek, J. (2011) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/1982185.1982471 · Cited by 84
Probabilistic model for code with decision trees
Raychev, V., Bielik, P., & Vechev, M. (2016) · ACM SIGPLAN Notices · doi:10.1145/3022671.2984041 · Cited by 82
When Code Completion Fails: A Case Study on Real-World Completions
Hellendoorn, V. J., Proksch, S., Gall, H. C., & Bacchelli, A. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) · doi:10.1109/icse.2019.00101 · Cited by 76
The Maven repository dataset of metrics, changes, and dependencies
Raemaekers, S., van Deursen, A., & Visser, J. (2013) · Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr.2013.6624031 · Cited by 69
(2013) · doi:10.1145/2507288.2507314 · Cited by 66
The Software Heritage Graph Dataset: Public Software Development Under One Roof
Pietri, A., Spinellis, D. D., & Zacchiroli, S. (2019) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr.2019.00030 · Cited by 61
Dueñas, S., Cosentino, V., Robles, G., & Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M. (2018) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1145/3183440.3183475 · Cited by 59
Multi-dimensional exploration of API usage
Roover, C. D., Lämmel, R., & Pek, E. (2013) · International Conference on Program Comprehension · doi:10.1109/icpc.2013.6613843 · Cited by 54
Ma, Y., Dey, T., Bogart, C., Amreen, S., Valiev, M., Tutko, A., Kennard, D., Zaretzki, R., & Mockus, A. (2021) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-020-09905-9 · Cited by 49
Project-Level Encoding for Neural Source Code Summarization of Subroutines
Bansal, A., Haque, S., & McMillan, C. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC) · doi:10.1109/icpc52881.2021.00032 · Cited by 49
A graph-based dataset of commit history of real-world Android apps
Geiger, F.-X., Malavolta, I., Pascarella, L., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories · doi:10.1145/3196398.3196460 · Cited by 46
A Context-Based Automated Approach for Method Name Consistency Checking and Suggestion
Li, Y., Wang, S., & Nguyen, T. D. (2021) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse43902.2021.00060 · Cited by 42
fine-GRAPE: fine-grained APi usage extractor – an approach and dataset to investigate API usage
Sawant, A. A., & Bacchelli, A. (2016) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-016-9444-6 · Cited by 38
Learning to recommend method names with global context
Liu, F., Li, G., Fu, Z., Lu, S., Hao, Y., & Jin, Z. G. (2022) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1145/3510003.3510154 · Cited by 37
XCorpus – An executable Corpus of Java Programs.
Dietrich, J. B., Schole, H., Sui, L., & Tempero, E. D. (2017) · The Journal of Object Technology · doi:10.5381/jot.2017.16.4.a1 · Cited by 35
The Maven Dependency Graph: A Temporal Graph-Based Representation of Maven Central
Benelallam, A., Harrand, N., Soto-Valero, C., Baudry, B., & Barais, O. (2019) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr.2019.00060 · Cited by 35
Martins, P., Achar, R., & Lopes, C. V. (2018) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1145/3196398.3196450 · Cited by 33
ManyTypes4Py: A Benchmark Python Dataset for Machine Learning-based Type Inference
Mir, A. M., Latoškinas, E., & Gousios, G. (2021) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1109/msr52588.2021.00079 · Cited by 33
A repository of Unix history and evolution
Spinellis, D. D. (2016) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-016-9445-5 · Cited by 31
Assessing the threat of untracked changes in software evolution
Hora, A., Silva, D., Valente, M. T., & Robbes, R. (2018) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3180155.3180212 · Cited by 27
Self-citationOn how often code is cloned across repositories
Schwarz, N., Lungu, M. F., & Robbes, R. (2012) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/icse.2012.6227097 · Cited by 26
Self-citationAutomatic Program Repair with OpenAI's Codex: Evaluating QuixBugs
Prenner, J. A., & Robbes, R. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.03922 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLong-Range Modeling of Source Code Files with eWASH: Extended Window Access by Syntax Hierarchy
Clement, C., Lu, S., Liu, X., Tufano, M., Drain, D., Duan, N., Sundaresan, N., & Svyatkovskiy, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.387 · Cited by 12
Palsberg, J., & Lopes, C. V. (2018) · Companion Proceedings for the ISSTA/ECOOP Workshops · doi:10.1145/3236454.3236501 · Cited by 12
Polymorphism in the Spotlight: Studying Its Prevalence in Java and Smalltalk
Milojković, N., Caracciolo, A., Lungu, M. F., Nierstrasz, O., Röthlisberger, D., & Robbes, R. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC) · doi:10.1109/icpc.2015.29 · Cited by 11
Self-citationAdding Context to Source Code Representations for Deep Learning
Tian, F., & Treude, C. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM) · doi:10.1109/icsme55016.2022.00042 · Cited by 9
Path-based function embeddings
DeFreez, D., Thakur, A., & Rubio-González, C. (2018) · doi:10.1145/3183440.3195042 · Cited by 8
On the use of type predicates in object-oriented software
Callaú, O., Robbes, R., Tanter, É., Röthlisberger, D., & Bergel, A. (2014) · doi:10.1145/2661088.2661091 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 26
- Allamanis M, Brockschmidt M, Khademi M (2017) Learning to represent programs with graphs. arXiv:171100740
- Allamanis M, Barr E T, Devanbu P, Sutton C (2018) A survey of machine learning for big code and naturalness. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 51(4):1–37 · DOI · Paper page
- Alon U, Yahav E (2020) On the bottleneck of graph neural networks and its practical implications. arXiv:200605205
- Alon U, Brody S, Levy O, Yahav E (2018) code2seq: Generating sequences from structured representations of code. arXiv:180801400
- Barone AVM, Sennrich R (2017) A parallel corpus of Python functions and documentation strings for automated code documentation and code generation. arXiv:170702275
- Brown TB, Mann B, Ryder N, Subbiah M, Kaplan J, Dhariwal P, Neelakantan A, Shyam P, Sastry G, Askell A, et al. (2020) Language models are few-shot learners. arXiv:200514165
- Chen M, Tworek J, Jun H, Yuan Q, Pinto HPdO, Kaplan J, Edwards H, Burda Y, Joseph N, Brockman G, et al. (2021) Evaluating large language models trained on code. arXiv:210703374
- Guo D, Ren S, Lu S, Feng Z, Tang D, Liu S, Zhou L, Duan N, Svyatkovskiy A, Fu S, et al. (2020) Graphcodebert: Pre-training code representations with data flow. arXiv:200908366
- Hellendoorn V J, Sutton C, Singh R, Maniatis P, Bieber D (2019b) Global relational models of source code. In: International conference on learning representations
- Husain H, Wu HH, Gazit T, Allamanis M, Brockschmidt M (2019) Codesearchnet challenge: Evaluating the state of semantic code search. arXiv:190909436
- Kanade A, Maniatis P, Balakrishnan G, Shi K (2020) Learning and evaluating contextual embedding of source code. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, pp 5110–5121
- Kitaev N, Kaiser Ł, Levskaya A (2020) Reformer: The efficient transformer. arXiv:200104451
- Lin XV, Wang C, Zettlemoyer L, Ernst MD (2018) Nl2bash: A corpus and semantic parser for natural language interface to the linux operating system. arXiv:180208979
- Lu S, Guo D, Ren S, Huang J, Svyatkovskiy A, Blanco A, Clement C, Drain D, Jiang D, Tang D, et al. (2021) Codexglue: A machine learning benchmark dataset for code understanding and generation. arXiv:210204664
- Nijkamp E, Pang B, Hayashi H, Tu L, Wang H, Zhou Y, Savarese S, Xiong C (2022) A conversational paradigm for program synthesis. arXiv:220313474
- Puri R, Kung DS, Janssen G, Zhang W, Domeniconi G, Zolotov V, Dolby J, Chen J, Choudhury M, Decker L, et al. (2021) Project codenet: A large-scale ai for code dataset for learning a diversity of coding tasks. arXiv:210512655
- Radford A, Wu J, Child R, Luan D, Amodei D, Sutskever I, et al. (2019) Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI blog 1(8):9
- Tay Y, Dehghani M, Abnar S, Shen Y, Bahri D, Pham P, Rao J, Yang L, Ruder S, Metzler D (2020a) Long range arena: A benchmark for efficient transformers. arXiv:201104006
- Tay Y, Dehghani M, Bahri D, Metzler D (2020b) Efficient transformers: A survey. arXiv:200906732
- Utture A, Kalhauge CG, Liu S, Palsberg J (2020) Njr-1 dataset. https://doi.org/10:5281/zenodo4839913
- Vasic M, Kanade A, Maniatis P, Bieber D, Singh R (2019) Neural program repair by jointly learning to localize and repair. arXiv:190401720
- Wang K, Christodorescu M (2019) Coset: A benchmark for evaluating neural program embeddings. arXiv:190511445
- Wei J, Goyal M, Durrett G, Dillig I (2020) Lambdanet: Probabilistic type inference using graph neural networks. arXiv:200502161
- Wolf T, Debut L, Sanh V, Chaumond J, Delangue C, Moi A, Cistac P, Rault T, Louf R, Funtowicz M, et al. (2019b) Huggingface’s transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing. arXiv:191003771 · DOI · Paper page
- Zavershynskyi M, Skidanov A, Polosukhin I (2018) Naps: Natural program synthesis dataset. arXiv:180703168
- Zhou Y, Liu S, Siow J, Du X, Liu Y (2019) Devign: Effective vulnerability identification by learning comprehensive program semantics via graph neural networks. arXiv:190903496
Metadata
- Authors
- Karmakar, A., Allamanis, M., & Robbes, R.
- Venue
- Empirical Software Engineering
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 1382-3256
- 1573-7616
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 68
- Language
- en
- Licence
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor, 9 d)
- Funders
- Libera Università di Bolzano
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.