Pathways of the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions
Abstract
Initially investigated as a color formation process in thermally treated foods, nowadays, the relevance of the Maillard reaction in vivo is generally accepted. Many chronic and age-related diseases such as diabetes, uremia, atherosclerosis, cataractogenesis and Alzheimer's disease are associated with Maillard derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and α-dicarbonyl compounds as their most important precursors in terms of reactivity and abundance. However, the situation in vivo is very challenging, because Maillard chemistry is paralleled by enzymatic reactions which can lead to both, increases and decreases in certain AGEs. In addition, mechanistic findings established under the harsh conditions of food processing might not be valid under physiological conditions. The present review critically discusses the relevant α-dicarbonyl compounds as central intermediates of AGE formation in vivo with a special focus on fragmentation pathways leading to formation of amide-AGEs.
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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially harmful heterogeneous molecules derived from nonenzymatic glycation.
“Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially harmful and heterogeneous molecules derived from nonenzymatic glycation.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
AGEs can be formed endogenously or provided by exogenous sources under normal and pathological conditions.
“AGEs can be formed endogenously or provided by exogenous sources under normal and pathological conditions1,2.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
The amounts of AGEs in exogenous sources are usually much higher than those of endogenously produced AGEs.
“The amounts of AGEs in exogenous sources are usually much higher than those of endogenously produced AGEs2–4,24.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Intake of foods and/or beverages with high levels of exogenous AGEs likely creates more health problems than endogenously produced AGEs.
“Thus, it is likely that the intake of foods and/or beverages with high levels of exogenous AGEs create more health problems than endogenously produced AGEs, although both exogenous and endogenous AGEs are similar in their biological functions and potentially act synergistically to stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, contributing to detrimental pathophysiology2–4,24.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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References 131 · Cited by 189
- Authors
- Henning, C., & Glomb, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Glomb, Marcus A.
- Venue
- Glycoconjugate Journal
- Published
- 2016-06-13
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 499-512
- ISSN
- 0282-0080 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-4986
- OpenAlex
- W2416732823
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Glycoconjugate Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Keywords
- Maillard reaction, advanced glycation end products, α-dicarbonyl compounds, fragmentation pathways, age-related diseases, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, uremia, atherosclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cataract, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Uremia, Maillard Reaction, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Atherosclerosis
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