The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Defense of Compulsory Vaccination
Abstract
Vaccine refusal harms and risks harming innocent bystanders. People are not entitled to harm innocents or to impose deadly risks on others, so in these cases there is nothing to be said for the right to refuse vaccination. Compulsory vaccination is therefore justified because non-vaccination can rightly be prohibited, just as other kinds of harmful and risky conduct are rightly prohibited. I develop an analogy to random gunfire to illustrate this point. Vaccine refusal, I argue, is morally similar to firing a weapon into the air and endangering innocent bystanders. By re-framing vaccine refusal as harmful and reckless conduct my aim is to shift the focus of the vaccine debate from non-vaccinators' religious and refusal rights to everyone else's rights against being infected with contagious illnesses. Religious freedom and rights of informed consent do not entitle non-vaccinators to harm innocent bystanders, and so coercive vaccination requirements are permissible for the sake of the potential victims of the anti-vaccine movement.
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“However, each unvaccinated individual who has the potential to be infected with a disease and further spread it poses a risk to public health and the rights to life and health of other people.”
From Dark side of the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality: the case of mandatory vaccination (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background
Nuwarda, R. F., Ramzan, I. M., Weekes, L., & Kayser, V. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10101595 · Cited by 341
Good reasons to vaccinate: mandatory or payment for risk?
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Giubilini, A., Douglas, T., & Savulescu, J. (2018) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-018-9829-y · Cited by 141
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Brennan, J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103486 · Cited by 129
Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany
Graeber, D., Schmidt‐Petri, C., & Schröder, C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248372 · Cited by 128
Metadata
- Authors
- Flanigan, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Richmond (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flanigan, Jessica
- ORCID
- Flanigan, Jessica
- Venue
- HEC Forum
- Published
- 2013-08-13
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-25
- ISSN
- 0956-2737 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8498
- OpenAlex
- W2056764397
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- HEC Forum (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges
- Keywords
- mandatory vaccination, vaccine refusal, anti-vaccine movement, religious freedom, informed consent, infectious diseases, coercion, moral permissibility, public health ethics
- MeSH terms
- Civil Rights, Humans, Informed Consent, Religion and Medicine, Risk Management, Social Responsibility, United States, Vaccination, Treatment Refusal, Immunization Programs, Mandatory Programs
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