Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis
Abstract
Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (GCM) and cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are rare disorders that cause cardiomyopathy, often with ventricular arrhythmias or heart block. Infection, autoimmune processes, and genetics have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, but the etiology for both diseases is likely a complex multifactorial process. Both GCM and CS are generally progressive despite treatment with standard heart failure and arrhythmia therapies. Making the diagnosis of GCM or CS on initial clinical presentation is possible in only a small percentage of patients, so myocardial tissue diagnosis is required. The use of multiple noninvasive imaging modalities may aid in diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment. Establishing the diagnosis of GCM or CS early is crucial, as tailored immunosuppressive treatment may significantly alter the clinical course of these patients. The prognosis of patients with GCM is poor, while the prognosis for patients with CS varies according to degree of left ventricular dysfunction.
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Up to 20% of giant cell myocarditis cases are associated with existing autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, thyroiditis, and thymoma.
“with up to 20% of giant cell myocarditis cases associated with existing autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, thyroiditis, and thymoma.”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Giant cell myocarditis and eosinophilic necrotizing myocarditis are traditionally classified as autoimmune myocarditis due to their strong association with existing autoimmune conditions.
“Giant cell myocarditis and eosinophilic necrotizing myocarditis are traditionally classified as autoimmune myocarditis due to their strong association with existing autoimmune conditions”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Sarcoidosis is a systemic autoimmune syndrome characterized by nonnecrotizing granulomas in various organs including the lung and heart.
“Sarcoidosis is a systemic autoimmune syndrome characterized by the formation of nonnecrotizing granulomas, a histological hallmark, found in various organs including the lung and heart.”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
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Kociol, R. D., Cooper, L. T., Fang, J. C., Moslehi, J. J., Pang, P. S., Sabe, M. A., Shah, R. V., Sims, D. B., Thiene, G., Vardeny, O., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000745 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Blauwet, L. A., & Cooper, L. T.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blauwet, Lori A.
- ORCID
- Cooper, Leslie T.
- Venue
- Heart Failure Reviews
- Published
- 2012-10-31
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 733-746
- ISSN
- 1382-4147 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7322
- OpenAlex
- W2023589834
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Heart Failure Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vasculitis and related conditions
- Keywords
- cardiac sarcoidosis, cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, pathogenesis, noninvasive cardiac imaging, immunosuppressive therapy, prognosis, left ventricular dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Cardiac Conduction System Disease, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Biopsy, Needle, Contrast Media, Female, Heart Conduction System, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Immunotherapy, Male, Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis, Prognosis, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Sarcoidosis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Echocardiography, Doppler, Giant Cells, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Rare Diseases, Positron-Emission Tomography, Brugada Syndrome, Multimodal Imaging
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