Migration and public finances in the EU
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
We provide novel and comprehensive evidence on the net fiscal contributions of natives and migrants to the governmental budgets of EU countries. We account for income taxes and cash benefits, along with indirect taxes and in-kind benefits, which are often missing in standard datasets. We find that on average, migrants were net contributors to public finances over the period of 2014–2018 in the EU and, moreover, that they contribute approximately €1.5 thousand more per capita each year than natives. We also show that this difference is partly due to the selection on characteristics that make migrants net fiscal contributors, such as demographic factors and employment probability.
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Immigration alone cannot solve the fiscal burden of aging.
“however, immigration alone cannot solve the fiscal burden of aging.”
From Impact of population ageing on fiscal balance in the European Union (2024) · cites this paper as Fiorio et al. 2024
Cites
Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective
Van Mol, C., & de Valk, H. (2016) · IMISCOE Research Series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_3 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
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Impact of population ageing on fiscal balance in the European Union
Filipović, S., & Miljković, M. (2024) · Stanovništvo · doi:10.59954/stnv.648 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“There are empirical studies that show positive implications of immigration flows on the European Union budget (Bernardinoa, Francob and Morais 2024; Fiorio et al. 2024; Christl et al. 2022), however, immigration alone cannot solve the fiscal burden of aging.”
- Authors
- Fiorio, C. V., Frattini, T., Riganti, A., & Christl, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- European Commission (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Christl, Michael
- Venue
- International Tax and Public Finance
- Published
- 2023-07-15
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 635-684
- ISSN
- 0927-5940 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6970
- OpenAlex
- W4384406199
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Tax and Public Finance (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Fiscal Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- migration, public finance, income tax, cash benefits, indirect taxation, in-kind benefits, migrant selection, employment probability, EU member states
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