Brief Report: Impaired Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) in School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) differs from previous cognitive flexibility tasks in ASD research by giving children an abstract, ambiguous rule to switch. The ASD group (N = 22; Mean age = 8.28 years, SD = 1.52) achieved a lower shift percentage than the typically developing verbal mental-age control group (N = 22; Mean age = 6.26 years, SD = 0.82). There was a significant positive correlation between verbal mental age and shift percentage for children with ASD. Group differences on the FIST converge and extend prior evidence documenting an impaired ability to adapt rapidly to changes in task demands for individuals with ASD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Despite reports of cognitive flexibility deficits in ASD, particularly in younger children, there are conflicting notions regarding the extent, nature, etiology, and neurobiology of these deficits.
“Despite reports of cognitive flexibility deficits in ASD (70,71), particularly in younger children (72,73), there are conflicting notions regarding the extent, nature, etiology, and neurobiology of these deficits (74).”
From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 48 · Cited by 25
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Cambridge Cognition CANTAB 1996 Cambridge Cognition Ltd Cambridge
- Feldman MJ Drasgow J A Visual-Verbal Test for schizophrenia Psychiatric Quarterly 1951 25 Suppl 55 64
- Hill EL Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism Developmental Review 2004 24 2 189 233
- Wechsler D Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 2002 Psychological Corporation San Antonio, TX Third Edition
- Authors
- Yerys, B. E., Wolff, B. C., Moody, E., Pennington, B. F., & Hepburn, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yerys, Benjamin E.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2012-01-24
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2013-2020
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC4089358
- OpenAlex
- W2090412757
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (F32 HM081409-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH081409, K23MH086111)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD035468, HD 35468, L30 HD048361, HD-04024, P30HD004024)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, cognitive flexibility, rule switching, elementary school students
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Development, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Cognition, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
