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Risk Factors Associated with Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
While self-injurious behaviors (SIB) can cause significant morbidity for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), little is known about its associated risk factors. We assessed 7 factors that may influence self-injury in a large cohort of children with ASD: (a) atypical sensory processing; (b) impaired cognitive ability; (c) abnormal functional communication; (d) abnormal social functioning; (e) age; (f) the need for sameness; (g) rituals and compulsions. Half (52.3%, n = 126) of the children (n = 241, aged 2-19 years) demonstrated SIB. Abnormal sensory processing was the strongest single predictor of self-injury followed by sameness, impaired cognitive ability and social functioning. Since atypical sensory processing and sameness have a greater relative impact on SIB, treatment approaches that focus on these factors may be beneficial in reducing self-harm in children with ASD.
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“These self-injurious behaviours, which have been the focus of autism research in children and adults [12–14], appear to differ in nature from NSSI in the typically developing populations: they occur in front of others without attempts to disguise them, being most commonly associated with intellectual disability and severe receptive and expressive language deficits.”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, sensory differences in autism are associated with ritualistic and repetitive behaviours including self-injury [49], and are even the strongest predictors of self-injury [13].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“For example, self-injurious behaviour in ASC [34] is conceptualised rather differently than NSSI in the general population, as primarily a restricted and repetitive behaviour characteristic of ASC [35].”
From Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Duerden, E. G., Oatley, H. K., Mak-Fan, K. M., McGrath, P. A., Taylor, M. J., Szatmari, P., & Roberts, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Duerden, Emma G.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2012-03-16
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2460-2470
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2146221612
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- self-harm, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, sensory processing, sameness, cognitive ability, social functioning, functional communication, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sensation, Severity of Illness Index, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult, Pain Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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