Associations Among Symptoms of Autism, Symptoms of Depression and Executive Functions in Children with High-Functioning Autism: A 2 Year Follow-Up Study
Abstract
This study investigated the course of and association among changes in autism symptoms, depression symptoms and executive functions (EF) in children with high-functioning autism (HFA). Thirty-four children with HFA and 45 typically developing children (age 9-16) were assessed at baseline and after 2 years. Children with HFA had impaired scores on all measures at both time points. According to parent reports, depressive symptoms decreased over time, while EF improved and autism symptoms were stable. Children's reports did not reveal less depressive symptoms over time. A positive association was found only between changes in autism symptoms and changes in symptoms of depression. A possible implication is that interventions aimed at either autism symptoms or symptoms of depression may improve the other.
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In ASD individuals, EF domains including aspects of planning, set-shifting and working memory are usually impaired.
“In ASD individuals, EF domains including aspects of planning (e.g., Chen et al. 2016;Hill 2004), set-shifting and working memory (e.g., Chen et al. 2016;Andersen et al. 2015) are usually impaired.”
From A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD (2016) · cites this paper as Andersen et al. 2015
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References 77 · Cited by 63
- Authors
- Andersen, P. N., Skogli, E. W., Hovik, K. T., Egeland, J., & Øie, M.
- Affiliations
- Innlandet Hospital Trust (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Andersen, Per Normann
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2015-03-13
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2497-2507
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2032051865
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- high-functioning autism, autism symptoms, depressive symptoms, executive function, children, symptom trajectories, parent report, child self-report, typically developing children, longitudinal follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function, Symptom Assessment
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