Brief Report: Gender and Age of Diagnosis Time Trends in Children with Autism Using Australian Medicare Data
Open accessAbstract
Recent evidence suggests the male predominance in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be decreasing. Secondary analyses of Australian Medicare data (paediatrician/child psychiatrist items for diagnosing ASD before age 13) were used (N = 73,463 unique children from 1-July-2008 to 30-June-2016). Cumulative incidence of ASD in 4-year-olds in 2015/2016 was 1.10% [95% CI 1.06-1.14], males 1.66% [95% CI 1.60-1.72] and females 0.51% [95% CI 0.47-0.55]. New diagnoses significantly increased in older (5-12 years) males and females but not younger (0-4 years) children, from 2010/2011 to 2015/2016. The M:F ratio decreased in older children (4.1-3.0), but not significantly in younger children (4.2-3.5). Identification of older males and females is contributing to the increased in ASD in Australia and proportionally more older females are being diagnosed.
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The results support recent findings that men are overrepresented in gender ratios and autistic traits are underdiagnosed in women.
“Our results are in support of recent findings demonstrating that men are overrepresented in gender ratios and autistic traits are underdiagnosed in women [67–69].”
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References 18 · Cited by 45
- Authors
- May, T., & Williams, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- May, Tamara
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2018-05-11
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4056-4062
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2802736512
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Lorenzo and Pamela Galli Charitable Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gender differences, age at diagnosis, diagnostic trends, sex ratio, cumulative incidence, children, Medicare claims data
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Age Factors, Australia, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, National Health Programs, Sex Factors
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