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Functional Characterization of the Bacterial iac Genes for Degradation of the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida 1290 is a model organism for the study of bacterial degradation of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This property is encoded by the iac gene cluster. Insertional inactivation and/or deletion of individual iac genes and heterologous expression of the gene cluster in Escherichia coli were combined with mass spectrometry to demonstrate that iac-based degradation of IAA is likely to involve 2-hydroxy-IAA, 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-IAA, and catechol as intermediates. The first gene of the cluster, iacA encodes for the first step in the pathway, and also can convert indole to indoxyl to produce the blue pigment indigo. Transcriptional profiling of iac genes in P. putida 1290 revealed that they were induced in the presence of IAA. Based on results with an iacR knockout, we propose that this gene codes for a repressor of iacA expression and that exposure to IAA relieves this repression. Transformation of P. putida KT2440 (which cannot degrade IAA) with the iac gene cluster conferred the ability to grow on IAA as a sole source of carbon and energy, but not the ability to chemotaxi towards IAA. We could show such tactic response for P. putida 1290, thus representing the first demonstration of bacterial chemotaxis towards IAA. We discuss the ecological significance of our findings, and specifically the following question: under what circumstances do bacteria with the ability to degrade, recognize, and move towards IAA have a selective advantage?
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The reduction in IAA can be explained by consumption of the acid by the yeast in the stationary phase of cell growth.
“This can be explained by the consumption of the acid by the yeast in the stationary phase of cell growth, as reported in the literature regarding studies on microorganisms that oxidize IAA (Faure et al. 2009; Scott et al. 2013; Zuniga et al. 2013).”
From Phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid production by rhizosphere yeast Torulaspora globosa: improvement of culture conditions for better performance in vitro (2022) · cites this paper as Scott et al. 2013
The Results (p. 7) show that IAA fell to near the detection limit in cultures of E. coli carrying the full iac gene cluster, supporting microbial degradation of IAA. The study concerns bacteria, however; it does not establish that yeast consumes IAA during stationary-phase growth. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
Utilization of the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid for Growth by Pseudomonas putida Strain 1290
Leveau, J. H. J., & Lindow, S. E. (2005) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.71.5.2365-2371.2005 · Cited by 286 · cited 9×
“This bacterium originally was isolated from pear tree foliage and it efficiently exploits IAA as a nutrient source (Leveau and Lindow 2005).”
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Albertini, J., Rocha, R. K., Bastos, R. G., Ceccato-Antonini, S. R., & Rosa-Magri, M. M. (2022) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-022-03322-z · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, J. C., Greenhut, I. V., & Leveau, J. H. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leveau, Johan H. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Chemical Ecology
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 942-951
- ISSN
- 0098-0331 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1561
- OpenAlex
- W2097385676
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Chemical Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- University of California, Davis
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- indole-3-acetic acid, Pseudomonas putida, catechol, indigo biosynthesis, indoxyl, transcriptional regulation, chemotaxis, plant growth-promoting bacteria
- MeSH terms
- Chemotaxis, Escherichia coli, Genes, Bacterial, Indoleacetic Acids, Phenotype, Plasmids, Gene Expression, Pseudomonas putida
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