Thinking Inside the Box: Controlling and Using an Oracle AI
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Thus far, the vast majority of all AI safety research has focused on the case of a single AI system, often (implicitly) in the context of a single human.
“Thus far, the vast majority of all AI safety research has focused on the case of a single AI system, often (implicitly) in the context of a single human (see, e.g., Amodei et al., 2016; Armstrong et al., 2012; Christiano et al., 2018; Dalrymple et al., 2024; Hadfield-Menell et al., 2016; Hendrycks et al., 2021; Leike et al., 2018).”
From Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI (2025) · cites this paper as Armstrong et al., 2012
The GS AI approach remains agnostic about both how the core AI system was produced, and about what containment or boxing methods are used.
“Note that the GS AI approach remains agnostic about both how the”
From Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems (2024) · cites this paper as Armstrong et al., 2012
We may require that the AI has no incentive to influence any part of the external world, or to find out any information about the external world.
“For example, we may require that the AI has no incentive to influence any part of the external world, or to find out any information about the external world (e.g.Armstrong et al., 2012;Armstrong & O'Rorke, 2018;Armstrong & O'Rourke, 2018;Everitt et al., 2021;van Merwijk et al., 2022).”
From Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems (2024) · cites this paper as Armstrong et al., 2012
Cites
The Superintelligent Will: Motivation and Instrumental Rationality in Advanced Artificial Agents
Bostrom, N. (2012) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-012-9281-3 · Cited by 254 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is an extreme form of ''mind crime'' (Bostrom 2012a) where the OAI causes great destruction just by thinking.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis
Chalmers, D. J. (2016) · Science Fiction and Philosophy · doi:10.1002/9781118922590.ch16 · Cited by 246 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Virtual Worlds Another suggestion is to run the OAI not directly in our world, but as a subroutine of another program that models a virtual world [see for instance (Chalmers 2010)].”
BackgroundEthical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence
Bostrom, N. (2020) · Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics · doi:10.4324/9781003074991-7 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
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Responses to catastrophic AGI risk: a survey
Sotala, K., & Yampolskiy, R. V. (2015) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/90/1/018001 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
From Responsibility to Reason-Giving Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Baum, K., Mantel, S., Schmidt, E., & Speith, T. (2022) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-022-00510-w · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Liu, H.-Y., Lauta, K. C., & Maas, M. M. (2018) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2018.04.009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A Reasoning and Value Alignment Test to Assess Advanced GPT Reasoning
Mcintosh, T. R., Liu, T., Susnjak, T., Watters, P., & Halgamuge, M. N. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/3670691 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems
Dalrymple, D. "., Skalse, J., Bengio, Y., Russell, S., Tegmark, M., Seshia, S., Omohundro, S., Szegedy, C., Goldhaber, B., Ammann, N., et al. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.06624 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI
Hammond, L., Chan, A., Clifton, J., Hoelscher-Obermaier, J., Khan, A., McLean, E., Smith, C., Barfuss, W., Foerster, J., Gavenčiak, T., et al. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.14143 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
AI and the Philosophy of Expertise and Epistemic Authority
Hauswald, R. (2025) · A Companion to Applied Philosophy of AI · doi:10.1002/9781394238651.ch5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Armstrong, S., Sandberg, A., & Bostrom, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, Stuart
- Venue
- Minds and Machines
- Published
- 2012-06-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 299-324
- ISSN
- 0924-6495 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8641
- OpenAlex
- W2088731121
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 18.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Minds and Machines (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- AI safety, superintelligence, artificial intelligence control, human-level intelligence, AI alignment
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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