The default mode network and recurrent depression: A neurobiological model of cognitive risk factors
Open accessAbstract
A neurobiological account of cognitive vulnerability for recurrent depression is presented based on recent developments of resting state neural networks. We propose that alterations in the interplay between task positive (TP) and task negative (TN) elements of the Default Mode Network (DMN) act as a neurobiological risk factor for recurrent depression mediated by cognitive mechanisms. In the framework, depression is characterized by an imbalance between TN-TP components leading to an overpowering of TP by TN activity. The TN-TP imbalance is associated with a dysfunctional internally-focused cognitive style as well as a failure to attenuate TN activity in the transition from rest to task. Thus we propose the TN-TP imbalance as overarching neural mechanism involved in crucial cognitive risk factors for recurrent depression, namely rumination, impaired attentional control, and cognitive reactivity. During remission the TN-TP imbalance persists predisposing to vulnerability of recurrent depression. Empirical data to support this model is reviewed. Finally, we specify how this framework can guide future research efforts.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Prefrontal hyperactivity may be a lasting consequence of MDD, overwhelming attentional resources for engaging in new learning and behaviour even when symptoms have lessened.
“Prefrontal hyperactivity may be a lasting consequence of MDD, overwhelming attentional resources for engaging in new learning and behaviour even when symptoms have lessened (Marchetti et al., 2012).”
From Static and treatment-responsive brain biomarkers of depression relapse vulnerability following prophylactic psychotherapy: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2022) · cites this paper as Marchetti et al., 2012
Section 4.2 (page unavailable) says impaired attentional control can persist during remission and proposes that persistent default-mode activity interferes with task-related activity. But it predicts reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activity during attention-demanding tasks, not general prefrontal hyperactivity; it does not establish an effect on new learning and behaviour. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese impairments often manifest as increased distractibility or elevated mind-wandering, as well as hyperactivity of the default network and weaker anticorrelations with networks involved in external attention.
“These impairments often manifest as increased distractibility or elevated levels of mind-wandering,212,228–231 as well as hyperactivity of the DN and weaker anticorrelations with networks involved in external attention.146–148,229,232–235”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [229]
SCT is associated with punishment sensitivity in children and increased BIS sensitivity in adults.
“initial studies demonstrating SCT to be associated with punishment sensitivity in children [64] and increased behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity in adults [65].”
From Advancing the study of sluggish cognitive tempo via DSM, RDoC, and hierarchical models of psychopathology (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
SCT is associated with increased punishment sensitivity and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity.
“SCT is associated with increased punishment and BIS sensitivity [64,65]”
From Advancing the study of sluggish cognitive tempo via DSM, RDoC, and hierarchical models of psychopathology (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 220 · Cited by 287
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [162]162. Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(2), 676-682.
- Authors
- Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H. W., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & De Raedt, R.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Marchetti, Igor
- Venue
- Neuropsychology Review
- Published
- 2012-05-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 229-251
- ISSN
- 1040-7308 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6660
- OpenAlex
- W2072372317
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 220
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Gent (BOF10/GOA/014)
- Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- default mode network, recurrent depression, cognitive vulnerability, task-positive network, task-negative network, rumination, attentional control, cognitive reactivity, remission, neurobiological risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Functional Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
