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A glance at the chemodiversity of Ocimum species: Trends, implications, and strategies for the quality and yield improvement of essential oil
Open accessAbstract
Ocimum species represent commercially important medicinal and aromatic plants. The essential oil biosynthesized by Ocimum species is enriched with specialized metabolites specifically, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Interestingly, various Ocimum species are known to exhibit diverse chemical profiles, and this chemical diversity has been at the center of many studies to identify commercially important chemotypes. Here, we present various chemotypes from the Ocimum species and emphasize trends, implications, and strategies for the quality and yield improvement of essential oil. Globally, many Ocimum species have been analyzed for their essential oil composition in over 50 countries. Asia represents the highest number of chemotypes, followed by Africa, South America, and Europe. Ocimum basilicum L. has been the most widespread and well-studied species, followed by O. gratissimum L., O. tenuiflorum L., O. canum Sims, O. americanum and O. kilimandscharicum Gürke. Moreover, various molecular reasons, benefits, adverse health effects and mechanisms behind this vast chemodiversity have been discussed. Different strategies of plant breeding, metabolic engineering, transgenic, and tissue-culture, along with anatomical modifications, are surveyed to enhance specific chemotypic profiles and essential oil yield in numerous Ocimum species. Consequently, chemical characterization of the essential oil obtained from Ocimum species has become indispensable for its proper utilization. The present chemodiversity knowledge from Ocimum species will help to exploit various applications in the industrial, agriculture, biopharmaceutical, and food sectors.Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-021-09767-z.
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“Ocimum × africanum essential oil is characterized by estragole or methyl chavicol, linalool, citral (neral and geranial) rich chemotypes (Raina and Misra, 2017; Gurav et al., 2021; Janesha et al., 2018; Pisutthanan and Pisutthanan, 2009).”
From Vibrational spectroscopic methods for the identification and distinction of essential oils in genus Ocimum L.: A chemometric approach (2022) · cites this paper as Gurav et al., 2021
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“Furthermore, classification based on volatile oil composition requires the distillation and fractionation of oils, and the chemotype classification based on only one major volatile oil is erroneous as one plant may contain two or more chemical compounds in nearly equal amounts [15,20,21].”
From Comprehensive Metabolomic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics Identifies Species- and Variety-Specific Variation of Medicinal Herbs: An Ocimum Study (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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“A significant number of studies have been devoted to describing Ocimum essential oils [21,29,30], but relatively few studies have been devoted to Ocimum leaves as there is a lack of a comprehensive and rapid fingerprinting approach [16,31,32].”
From Comprehensive Metabolomic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics Identifies Species- and Variety-Specific Variation of Medicinal Herbs: An Ocimum Study (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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“On the basis of previous studies, it has been found that citral, linalool and methyl chavicol are the three major essential oil components of Ocimum × africanum (Raina and Misra, 2017; Gurav et al., 2021; Janesha et al., 2018; Pisutthanan and Pisutthanan, 2009).”
From Vibrational spectroscopic methods for the identification and distinction of essential oils in genus Ocimum L.: A chemometric approach (2022) · cites this paper as Gurav et al., 2021
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“A significant number of studies have been devoted to describing Ocimum essential oils [21,29,30], but relatively few studies have been devoted to Ocimum leaves as there is a lack of a comprehensive and rapid fingerprinting approach [16,31,32].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gurav, T. P., Dholakia, B. B., & Giri, A. P.
- Affiliations
- National Chemical Laboratory (IN)
- Tripura University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Dholakia, Bhushan B.
- Giri, Ashok P.
- Venue
- Phytochemistry Reviews
- Published
- 2021-08-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 879-913
- ISSN
- 1568-7767 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-980X
- PMC
- PMC8326315
- OpenAlex
- W3187253987
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Phytochemistry Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (BSC0124)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Keywords
- Ocimum, chemodiversity, chemotypes, essential oil composition, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum sanctum, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, plant breeding, metabolic engineering, transgenic plants, tissue culture, medicinal and aromatic plants
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