Cited by 326Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

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Immunotherapy and hypophysitis: clinical presentation, treatment, and biologic insights

Faje, Alexander·2016·Pituitary

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Abstract

Introduction Advances in immunotherapy have transformed the management of metastatic melanoma and generated encouraging results in the treatment of other malignancies. Autoimmune side effects from these agents, termed immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), are diverse and can include multiple endocrinopathies. Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IH) is a recently recognized endocrine IRAE.Methods This review summarizes published data and experience from our center on the incidence, presentation and management, and proposed mechanisms for immunotherapy-related hypophysitis, with a focus on patients treated with ipilimumab (Ipi).Conclusion Hypophysitis occurs in a significant minority of patients treated with Ipi, in contrast to the relative rarity of idiopathic autoimmune hypophysitis or hypophysitis after treatment with other immunotherapies. Recently published cohorts have described the clinical presentation and management of IH and longitudinal outcomes in these patients. Additional studies with Ipi and other emerging agents have helped identify potential risk factors for the development of immunotherapy-related hypophysitis and possible underlying mechanisms for IH. Clarification of the mechanism(s) for IH may enhance our understanding of idiopathic autoimmune hypophysitis and could have potential therapeutic applications.

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“treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agents is more common than hypophysitis and occurs in approximately 5–10 % of patients [20–28].”
Background
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Authors: Faje, A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Faje, Alexander
ORCID: Faje, Alexander
Venue: Pituitary
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-07-18
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 82-92
ISSN: 1386-341X (ISSN-L)
1573-7403
DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0671-4
OpenAlex: W1185432402
Cited by: 326
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 18
FWCI: 3.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Pituitary (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: immune-related adverse events, immunotherapy, autoimmune hypophysitis, metastatic melanoma, endocrine adverse events, risk factors
MeSH terms: Hypophysitis, Ipilimumab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Immunotherapy, CTLA-4 Antigen

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Immunotherapy and hypophysitis: clinical presentation, treatment, and biologic insights

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