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Effects of Azospirillum brasilense indole-3-acetic acid production on inoculated wheat plants
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“Microbial production of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) stimulates plant cell proliferation and elongation, resulting in higher total root surface and more efficient water and nutrient uptake (Glick et al., 1998;Patten and Glick, 2002;Spaepen et al., 2008).”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Spaepen et al., 2008
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Malfanova, N. V., Kamilova, F. D., Validov, S. Z., Chebotar, V. K., & Lugtenberg, B. J. J. (2012) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-012-0842-x · Cited by 30
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“Production of IAA in many beneficial bacteria is considered a selection criterion as biofertilizers, and application of these bacteria has been shown to promote plant growth in wheat (Spaepen et al., 2008; Ali et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRubio, E. J., Montecchia, M. S., Tosi, M., Cassán, F., Perticari, A., & Correa, O. S. (2013) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2013/519603 · Cited by 28
Coniglio, A., Larama, G., Molina, R., Mora, V., Torres, D., Marin, A. M., Ávila, A. I., de Carlan, C. L. N., Erijman, L., Figuerola, E. L. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-022-00909-6 · Cited by 26
“modifies the root length and volume, the number of lateral roots and root hairs (Dobbelaere et al. 1999; Spaepen et al. 2008), as well as the production of exudates and the rhizodeposition (Heulin et al.”
BackgroundPlant Growth Promotion by Rhizosphere Bacteria Through Direct Effects
Helman, Y., Burdman, S., & Okon, Y. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21680-0_6 · Cited by 26
Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Azospirillum in Plant Growth Promotion
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“Azospirillum inoculation can mimic the effects of IAA on wheat root elongation and branching [148].”
Nitric oxide metabolism and indole acetic acid biosynthesis cross-talk in Azospirillum brasilense SM
Koul, V., Tripathi, C., Adholeya, A., & Kochar, M. (2015) · Research in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2015.02.003 · Cited by 24
“Auxins are one of the most essential plant growth regulators, involved in functions ranging from apical dominance to root growth and development [1,2].”
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“Several reports have indicated that PGPB leads to an increase in total root surface area and eventually enhanced nutrient and water uptake (Dobbelaere et al. 1999; Ribaudo et al. 2006; Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundEvaluation of rhizobacteria as non-rhizobial inoculants for mung beans.
Akhtar, S., & Ali, B. (2011) · Australian Journal of Crop Science · Cited by 25
Nguyen, M. L., Glaes, J., Spaepen, S., Bodson, B., du Jardin, P., & Delaplace, P. (2019) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201700610 · Cited by 24
Quorum Signaling Molecules: Interactions Between Plants and Associated Pathogens
Zheng, X., Liu, J., & Wang, X. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115235 · Cited by 23
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“Spaepen et al. (2008) reported that plants inoculation with PGPR could facilitate micronutrients uptake and increase plant resistance to stress conditions especially in poor soils.”
BackgroundThe Role of Soil Beneficial Bacteria in Wheat Production: A Review
Çakmakçı, R., Turan, M., Kıtır, N., Güneş, A., Nıkerel, E., Özdemir, B. S., Yıldırım, E., Olgun, M., Topçuoğlu, B., Tüfenkçi, Ş., et al. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67274 · Cited by 22
“With enlarged root hairs, nutrient uptake is promoted [21, 71, 77, 111].”
BackgroundPlant growth-promoting bacteria effect in withstanding drought in wheat cultivars
Furlan, F., Saatkamp, K., Volpiano, C. G., Franco, F. D. A., dos Santos, M. F., Vendruscolo, E. C. G., Guimarães, V. F., & da Costa, A. C. T. (2017) · Scientia Agraria · doi:10.5380/rsa.v18i2.51385 · Cited by 22
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“Bacteria like Azospirillum and Bacillus are widely used in organic production systems and they are also important N2-fixing, P-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing microorganisms, resulting in improved growth and yield of crops (Spaepen et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultCataldi, M. P., Heuer, S., Mauchline, T. H., Wilkinson, M., Masters-Clark, E., Benedetto, N. A. D., Corbo, M. R., & Flagella, Z. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10070978 · Cited by 21
“It is known that high levels of bacterial IAA are associated with lateral and adventitious root formation [38,40,41].”
BackgroundCastro-Guerrero, J., Romero, A., Aguilar, J. J., Xiqui, M. L., Sandoval, J. O., & Baca, B. E. (2011) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1009-2 · Cited by 20
“Production of auxins is considered the most important (Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundAgami, R. A., Ghramh, H. A., & Hashem, M. (2016) · Angewandte Botanik · doi:10.5073/jabfq.2017.090.021 · Cited by 20
“PGPR including Azospirillum spp. affect plant growth through different activities including production of plant hormones such as IAA, N2-fixation and controlling pathogens (spaepen et al., 2008; Jalili et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAhmed, T., Shahid, M., Noman, M., Hussain, S., Khan, M. A., Zubaır, M., Ismail, M., Manzoor, N., Shahzad, T., & Mahmood, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7553-8_5 · Cited by 20
Wei, J., Song, K., Zang, Z., Yang, H., Gao, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Liu, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468492 · Cited by 19
Sphere of influence of indole acetic acid and nitric oxide in bacteria
Koul, V., Adholeya, A., & Kochar, M. (2014) · Journal of Basic Microbiology · doi:10.1002/jobm.201400224 · Cited by 19
“IAA is an auxin which plays a crucial role in a number of aspects of plant growth and development ranging from apical dominance to senescence [28, 29].”
Backgroundde Carvalho, T. L. G., Rosman, A. C., Grativol, C., Nogueira, E. D. M., Baldani, J. I., & Hemerly, A. S. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11151971 · Cited by 18
“One of the well-known beneficial outcomes of the plant–endophytic diazotrophic bacteria association is root growth promotion [21,97,98].”
BackgroundZhai, W., Jiang, W., Guo, Q., Wang, Z., Liu, D., Zhou, Z., & Wang, P. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162152 · Cited by 18
Chaffai, R., Ganesan, M., & Cherif, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0672-3_17 · Cited by 18
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Elicited Induced Systemic Resistance and Tolerance in Plants
Jain, S., Vaishnav, A., Kasotia, A., Kumari, S., & Choudhary, D. K. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800875-1.00005-3 · Cited by 18
Azospirillum sp. as a Challenge for Agriculture
Rodrigues, A. C., Bonifácio, A., de Araújo, F. F., Lira, M. A., & Figueiredo, M. D. V. B. (2015) · Sustainable development and biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_2 · Cited by 19
“brasilense exhibit increases in shoot growth (Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBacterial inoculants for rhizosphere engineering: Applications, current aspects, and challenges
Kaur, J., & Vishnu (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89973-4.00004-1 · Cited by 17
Niranjana, S. R., & Hariprasad, P. (2014) · Fungal biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_3 · Cited by 17
Bacterial inoculants for rice: effects on nutrient uptake and growth promotion
de Souza, R., Schoenfeld, R., & Passaglia, L. M. P. (2015) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2015.1065973 · Cited by 16
“These bacteria are capable of promoting plant growth and nutrient uptake through several biological processes, including the production of phytohormones and siderophores, the induction of plant resistance to diseases and stresses, phosphate solubilization, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, and biolog…”
BackgroundInfluentialCassán, F., Perrig, D., Sgroy, V., & Luna, V. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21061-7_7 · Cited by 16
“They suggest inoculation or exogenous IAA treatments in wheat (with extension to other gramineous plants) result in a decrease in root length and root elongation zone and an increase in root hair length and density (Spaepen et al. 2008) (Fig.”
BackgroundHong, L., Orikasa, Y., Sakamoto, H., & Ohwada, T. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7090275 · Cited by 15
“To date, Azospirillum has been used to promote the growth of some crops such as wheat [3,9], barley [22], and maize [24].”
MethodBacillus subtilis como inoculante promotor de crescimento vegetal em soja
Chagas, A. F., Braga, G. M., Lima, C. A., Martins, A. L. L., Souza, M. C., & Chagas, L. F. B. (2022) · Diversitas Journal · doi:10.48017/dj.v7i1.2071 · Cited by 21
la Rosa, G. M.-D., García‐Oliva, F., Ovando‐Vázquez, C., Celis, L. B., López-Reyes, L., & López-Lozano, N. E. (2022) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-022-02162-x · Cited by 14
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“…of growth promotion and a more competitive bacterial mix (Govindarajan et al. 2007), metabolic synergy that increases the availability of nutrients (Shrestha et al. 2007), removal of inhibitory products such as oxygen (Bashan 1998; Minamisawa et al. 2004), and stimulation of plant promotion…”
InfluentialWater relations in plants treated with growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria
Kudoyarova, G. R., Arkhipova, T. N., & Veselov, D. S. (2023) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-023-06270-6 · Cited by 12
“Root proliferation is associated with the ability of many PGPRs to produce auxins (e.g. Spaepen et al. 2008; Dodd et al. 2010; Asari et al. 2017; Bhat et al. 2020), an outcome of the availability of a simple method (Salkowski’s reagent) for identifying aux-ins.”
Soares, I. C., Pacheco, R. S., da Silva, C. G. N., Santos, R. S., Baldani, J. I., Urquiaga, S. S., Vidal, M. S., & Simões‐Araújo, J. L. (2021) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-021-05137-y · Cited by 12
“Sp245 inoculation in wheat alters the root morphology and increases root hair production (Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundGrowth promotion of raspberry and strawberry plants by bacterial inoculants
Trzciński, P., Frąc, M., Lisek, A., Przybył, M., Frąc, M., & Sas‐Paszt, L. (2021) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus · doi:10.24326/asphc.2021.6.8 · Cited by 12
“Studies have demonstrated that the PGPR can stimulate plant growth through the production of auxins (indole acetic acid) [Spaepen et al. 2008], gibberellines [Bottini et al.”
BackgroundLanguage of plant-microbe-microbe interactions in rhizospheric ecosystems
Khare, E., Tyagi, S., & Patil, K. S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818469-1.00005-5 · Cited by 14
ABC Transporters and Their Function at the Plasma Membrane
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“However, auxins are produced by numerous rhizobacteria strains (Howden et al. 2009; Spaepen et al. 2008 ), and ABCG36 may regulate the uptake of bacterially produced auxins.”
BackgroundAzospirillum una rizobacteria con uso potencial en la agricultura
Méndez-Gómez, M., Mercado, E. C., & Pineda, E. G. (2015) · Biológicas Revista de la DES Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo · Cited by 11
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“In addition, low concentrations of PGPB inocula may promote root elongation/general growth while high concentrations of the same bacterium may inhibit root elongation and growth but greatly increase the density and length of root hairs (Dobbelaere et al., 2002; Spaepen et al., 2008).”
BackgroundRole of Biofertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture Under Abiotic Stresses
Selim, S., & Zayed, M. S. (2017) · Microorganisms for sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6241-4_15 · Cited by 10
Akhtyamova, Z. A., Arkhipova, T. N., Sharipova, G. V., Ivanov, R. S., Nuzhnaya, T. V., Kudoyarova, G. R., & Veselov, D. S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms251910706 · Cited by 9
“It is well known that most bacteria that promote plant growth produce auxins [5–8].”
BackgroundFunctional Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: The Story So Far
Altaf, M. M. (2021) · Soil biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71206-8_16 · Cited by 9
Non-symbiotic Bacteria for Soil Nitrogen Fortification
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Environmental Issues and their Possible Solutions for Sustainable Development, India: A Review
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“PGPR are crucial plant root colonizers that may be found in huge numbers in the rhizosphere (Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundValente, J., Gerin, F., Mini, A., Richard, R., Gouis, J. L., Prigent‐Combaret, C., & Moënne‐Loccoz, Y. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11061615 · Cited by 8
“ogarae F113 and phl genes [44], as (i) both DAPG and IAA act as auxinic signals stimulating root system branching and root growth [15,48,80], but (ii) P.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMéndez-Gómez, M., Castro-Mercado, E., López‐Bucio, J., & García‐Pineda, E. (2021) · Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · doi:10.1007/s12298-021-01036-9 · Cited by 12
Role of PGPR Under Different Agroclimatic Conditions
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“Studies have demonstrated that the PGPR can stimulate plant growth through the production of auxins (indole acetic acid) (Spaepen et al. 2008), gibberellins (Bottini et al.”
BackgroundQuadriya, H., Rajendran, G., Mir, M. I., Kuchi, S., & Hameeda, B. (2024) · International Journal of Plant Production · doi:10.1007/s42106-024-00289-0 · Cited by 8
“…nitrogen fixers fine-tuned the plant to take-up NO 3 − and NH 4 + forms of nitrogen as and when required for plant metabolism (Aon et al., 2015; Li et al., 2019) phytohormones improve root extensions (Murphy, 2006) and involve fostering mineral uptake and growth by plant (Spaepen et al., 2008).”
Priming of Plant Defense and Plant Growth in Disease-Challenged Crops Using Microbial Consortia
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“In a study conducted by Spaepen et al., (2008) [71], it was shown that inoculation with IAA producing bacterial strain Azospirillum brasilense SP245, can have a positive influence on the early development of plants with notable enhancement in dry-weight yield of both plants and roots, as well as in…”
El-Meihy, R. M., Hewedy, O. A., Alhumaidi, M. S., Altammar, K. A., Hassan, E., & El-Debaiky, S. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1486607 · Cited by 8
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Recent Advances in Biofertilizer Development
Nawaz, M., Shabbir, S., Manzoor, N., Xu, H.-L., Wang, Z., Arshad, K. T., Zohaib, A., Farooq, T. H., & Sun, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80912-5_10 · Cited by 5
Suresh, P., Shanmugaiah, V., & Ramamoorthy, V. (2025) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103554 · Cited by 5
Signalome: Communication between crops and microbiomes
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Biostimulant applications in low-input cultivation systems to enhance nutrition efficiency of crops
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“brasilense sp245 strain often used in studies that support a role for bacterial auxin in plant growth promotion (Barbieri and Galli 1993; Spaepen et al. 2008), and equal to that of its IAA-lowproducing ipdc mutant (Costacurta et al.”
BackgroundGenotype-Specific Plastic Responses to Seed Bacteria under Drought Stress in Lactuca serriola
Jeong, S., Kim, T.-M., Choi, B., Kim, Y., Kim, H., & Kim, E. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081604 · Cited by 5
“Production of indole acetic acid by plant-associated bacteria can stimulate root hair development [41], which possibly increases the RAS quantity.”
BackgroundInduction of Rhizobium Inoculants Harboring Salicylic Acid Gene
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AMELIORATION OF ABIOTIC STRESSES IN PLANTS THROUGH MULTI‐FACETED BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS
Chakraborty, U., Chakraborty, B., & Sarkar, J. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119276050.ch6 · Cited by 5
Raya-Hernández, A. I., López‐Carmona, D., Jaramillo-López, P. F., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Carreón-Abud, Y., Fraire-Velázquez, S., & Larsen, J. (2023) · European Journal of Plant Pathology · doi:10.1007/s10658-023-02711-1 · Cited by 4
“The plant growth promoting traits of A. brasilense seem to be mainly related to alterations in root structure through the production of plant hormones (Méndez-Gómez et al., 2021; Spaepen et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThe Interactions of Soil Microbes Affecting Stress Alleviation in Agroecosystems
Miransari, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4059-7_2 · Cited by 4
“A high number of research works have indicated the production of auxin by PGPR; the hormone is able to affect plant growth by (1) affecting cellular growth and division, (2) root growth, (3) differentiation of vesicular bundles, (4) apical dominance, (5) ethylene production, and (6) expression of different plant genes…”
BackgroundInfluentialWalia, M., Batra, N., & Goyal, S. L. (2014) · Legume Research - An International Journal · doi:10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.1.011 · Cited by 4
“Among the various mechanisms (Spaepen et al. 2008 ; Arruda et al. 2013) involved in this plant growth promotion, biological nitrogen fixation is vital and carried out by bacteria especially rhizobacteria found in symbiosis with leguminous plants (Ahemad and Khan, 2012).”
BackgroundMicrobes adapted to cold and their use as biofertilizers for mountainous regions
Bhandari, G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821265-3.00008-6 · Cited by 4
IAA production by Pseudomonas putida associated with rhizosphere of some medicine plants
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Metagenomic Approach in Relation to Microbe–Microbe and Plant–Microbiome Interactions
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“By enhancing both nitrate uptake and its allocation to shoots, PGPB may help plants optimize N use under stress conditions.”
Influentialda Silva, T. F. R., Schwab, S., Alves, G. C., Dias, A. C., & Reis, V. M. (2023) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-023-06120-5 · Cited by 3
“For example, it is well known that A. baldaniorum , possesses several pathways to produce auxins (Dobbelaere et al. 1999; Spaepen et al. 2008) and other classes of growth regulators (Cassán et al. 2013).”
BackgroundDevelopment of microbial biotechnology products for sustainable agriculture
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“However, the effect of exogenous auxin on the growth of grasses has been demonstrated (Spaepen et al. 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBiochar and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Soil Amendments
Hale, L. E. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Calcina, J. D. A., Munoz-Salas, M. N., Lozano‐Isla, F., Rezende, R. P., & Silva, R. J. S. (2025) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants14243829 · Cited by 2
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Soil Microbes as Bioherbicides: An Eco-friendly Approach to Control Striga
(2022) · International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences · doi:10.47278/journal.ijab/2022.003 · Cited by 2
YILDIRIM, B., Dönmez, M. F., SUNYAR, B., & Çoruh, İ. (2023) · Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37908/mkutbd.1307958 · Cited by 2
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Root Architecture
de Carvalho, T. L. G., Ferreira, P. C. G., & Hemerly, A. S. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118447093.ch12 · Cited by 2
N2‐Fixing Endophytes of Grasses and Cereals
Reis, V. M., Vanderleyden, J., & Spaepen, S. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9780470959404.ch11 · Cited by 2
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Metadata
- Authors
- Spaepen, S., Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., & Vanderleyden, J.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Vanderleyden, Jos
- ORCID
- Spaepen, Stijn
- Venue
- Plant and Soil
- Published
- 2008-02-06
- Volume
- 312
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 15-23
- ISSN
- 0032-079X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5036
- OpenAlex
- W2046947104
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Plant and Soil (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Keywords
- Azospirillum brasilense, indole-3-acetic acid, plant growth promotion, auxin biosynthesis, wheat, engineered bacteria, promoter replacement, rhizosphere bacteria
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