The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
More confident, less formal: stylistic changes in academic psychology writing from 1970 to 2016
Overview
Integrity signals
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been suggested that by reducing hedging and embracing promotional language, authors aim to present their findings more assertively, enhancing their appeal to editors, reviewers, and readers2,12.”
From Scientific publications that use promotional language in the abstract receive more citations and public attention (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Dwan, K., Gamble, C., Williamson, P. R., Kirkham, J. J., & the Reporting Bias Group (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066844 · Cited by 1,127
Boutron, I. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.651 · Cited by 842
Sumner, P., Vivian-Griffiths, S., Boivin, J., Williams, A., Venetis, C. A., Davies, A., Ogden, J., Whelan, L., Hughes, B., Dalton, B., et al. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7015 · Cited by 489
Disciplinary Identities: Individuality and Community in Academic Discourse
Hyland, K. (2012) · doi:10.1017/9781009406512 · Cited by 248
Abstracts, introductions and discussions: How far do they differ in style?
Hartley, J., Pennebaker, J. W., & Fox, C. (2003) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/a:1025008802657 · Cited by 63
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- Abola, M. V., & Prasad, V. (2016). The use of superlatives in cancer research. JAMA Oncology, 2, 139–141. · DOI
- Alluqmani, A., & Shamir, L. (2018). Writing styles in different scientific disciplines: A data science approach. Scientometrics, 115, 1071–1085. · DOI
- American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). APA Books.
- American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). APA Books.
- Duncan, S. Y., Chohan, R., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019). What makes the difference? Employee social media brand engagement. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 34(7), 1459–1467. · DOI
- Eysenbach, G. (2011). Can tweets predict citations? Metrics of social impact based on twitter and correlation with traditional metrics of scientific impact. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e123. · DOI
- Furnham, A. (2021). Publish or perish: Rejection, scientometrics and academic success. Scientometrics, 126(1), 843–847. · DOI
- González-Álvarez, J., & Cervera-Crespo, T. (2019). Contemporary psychology and women: A gender analysis of the scientific production. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 135–143. · DOI
- Haslam, N., Vylomova, E., Murphy, S. C., & Wilson, S. J. (2021). The neuroscientification of psychology: Rising prevalence of neuroscientific concepts in psychology from 1965–2016. Perspectives on Psychological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691621991864 · DOI
- Huang, W., Wang, P., & Wu, Q. (2018). A correlation comparison between Altmetric Attention Scores and citations for six PLOS journals. PLoS One, 13(4), e0194962. · DOI
- Hundt, M., & Mair, C. (1999). “Agile” and “uptight” genres: The corpus-based approach to language change in progress. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 4, 221–242. · DOI · Paper page
- Hyland, K. (2004). Disciplinary discourses, Michigan classics ed.: Social interactions in academic writing. University of Michigan Press. · DOI
- Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (2017). Is academic writing becoming more informal? English for Specific Purposes, 45, 40–51. · DOI
- Kacewicz, E., Pennebaker, J. W., Davis, M., Jeon, M., & Graesser, A. C. (2014). Pronoun use reflects standings in social hierarchies. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33(2), 125–143. · DOI
- Miller, G. (1969). Psychology as a means of promoting human welfare. American Psychologist, 24, 1063–1075. · DOI
- Oliver, K. M., Houchins, J. K., Moore, R. L., & Wang, C. (2021). Informing makerspace outcomes through a linguistic analysis of written and video-recorded project assessments. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 19(2), 333–354. · DOI
- Pennebaker, J. W., Boyd, R. L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015. University of Texas at Austin.
- Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 547577. · DOI · Paper page
- Seoane, E. (2013). On the conventionalisation and loss of pragmatic function of the passive in Late Modern English scientific discourse. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 14(1), 70–99. · DOI
- Swales, J., & Feak, C. B. (2010). From text to task: Putting research on abstracts to work. Utrecht Studies in Language and Communication, 22, 167–180.
- Teich, E., & Fankhauser, P. (2010). Exploring a corpus of scientific texts using data mining. Language and Computers, 71, 233–247.
- Vaughn, L. A., Vazire, S., & Corker, K. (2019). Distinguishing between need support and regulatory focus with LIWC. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1), 32. · DOI
- Vinkers, C. H., Tijdink, J. K., & Otte, W. M. (2015). Use of positive and negative words in scientific PubMed abstracts between 1974 and 2014: Retrospective analysis. BMJ, 351, h6467. · DOI · Paper page
- Vymolova, E., Murphy, S., & Haslam, N. (2019). Evaluation of semantic change of harm-related concepts in psychology. In Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on computational approaches to historical language change. Association for Computational Linguistics, Pp. 29–34. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yao, M., Wei, Y., & Wang, H. (2023) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-023-04759-6 · Cited by 31
Wheeler, M. A., Wilson, S. G., Baes, N., & Demsar, V. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12713 · Cited by 7
Self-citationStavrova, O., Kleinberg, B., Evans, A. M., & Ivanović, M. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00293-8 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Wheeler, M. A., Vylomova, E., McGrath, M. J., & Haslam, N.
- Affiliations
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wheeler, Melissa A.
- Venue
- Scientometrics
- Published
- 2021-09-26
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 9603-9612
- ISSN
- 0138-9130 (ISSN-L)
- 1588-2861
- OpenAlex
- W3204737403
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 21.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scientometrics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP210103984)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- academic writing style, first person plural, clout, language norms, scientific writing, publication pressure, emotional tone, analytical thinking, authenticity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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