The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 68 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia: evidence and underlying mechanism
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Over the past half century, evidence has been accumulating on the emergence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most prevalent sleep-disordered breathing, as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A significant body of research has been focused on elucidating the complex interplay between OSA and cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus that portend increased morbidity and mortality in susceptible individuals. Conclusion Although a clear causal relationship of OSA and dyslipidemia is yet to be demonstrated, there is increasing evidence that chronic intermittent hypoxia, a major component of OSA, is independently associated and possibly the root cause of the dyslipidemia via the generation of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 and reactive oxygen species, peroxidation of lipids, and sympathetic system dysfunction. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between OSA and dyslipidemia in the development of atherosclerosis and present the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking its association to clinical disease. Issues relating to epidemiology, confounding factors, significant gaps in research and future directions are also discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“there is increasing evidence that an association exists(131).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [131]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population Health Perspective
Young, T., Peppard, P. E., & Gottlieb, D. J. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2109080 · Cited by 4,244
Sleep-disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease
SHAHAR, E., WHITNEY, C. W., REDLINE, S., LEE, E. T., NEWMAN, A. B., JAVIER NIETO, F., O'CONNOR, G. T., BOLAND, L. L., SCHWARTZ, J. E., & SAMET, J. M. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.2001008 · Cited by 2,901
Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea.
Somers, V. K., Dyken, M. E., Clary, M. P., & Abboud, F. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118235 · Cited by 2,527
Guilleminault, C., Tilkian, A., & Dement, W. C. (1976) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.002341 · Cited by 1,812
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
Somers, V. K., White, D. P., Amin, R. S., Abraham, W. T., Costa, F., Culebras, A., Daniels, S. R., Floras, J. S., Hunt, C. E., Olson, L. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.002 · Cited by 1,530
Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea and Incident Stroke: The Sleep Heart Health Study
Redline, S., Yenokyan, G., Gottlieb, D. J., Shahar, E., O'Connor, G. T., Resnick, H. E., Diener-West, M., Sanders, M. H., Wolf, P. A., Geraghty, E. M., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200911-1746oc · Cited by 1,269
The Association between Sleep Apnea and the Risk of Traffic Accidents
Téran‐Santos, J., Jimenez-Gomez, A., & Cordero-Guevara, J. A. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199903183401104 · Cited by 1,252
Shimomura, I., Matsuda, M., Hammer, R. E., Bashmakov, Y. K., Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(05)00010-9 · Cited by 860
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- The National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research (2002) Wake up America: a national sleep alert. US Government Printing Office, Washington
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–176 of 176
Karadeniz, Y., Onat, A., Akbaş, T., Şimşek, B., Yüksel, H., & Can, G. (2017) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.021 · Cited by 6
Ngo, R., Pullano, E., Peacock, Z. S., Lahey, E. T., & August, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2018.01.011 · Cited by 6
Pan, Q., Li, H., Gan, X., Chen, X., Liu, X., & Li, J. (2022) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-022-02775-z · Cited by 6
Lee, S. K., Yoon, D. W., Choi, K.-M., Lee, S. W., Kim, J. Y., Kim, J., Hong, J. H., Cho, N. H., & Shin, C. (2015) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2015.11.017 · Cited by 5
Dyslipidemia: another brick in the wall. A feasible link in the OSA–cardiovascular disease axis
Juhász, J. (2013) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-013-0852-1 · Cited by 5
Pullano, E., Ngo, R., Peacock, Z. S., Lahey, E. T., & August, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.006 · Cited by 4
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Disorders
Ip, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00118-5 · Cited by 4
Obstructive sleep apnoea: a diabetologist’s perspective
Tahrani, A. A. (2016) · British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.15277/bjd.2016.088 · Cited by 4
Çelik, Y., Balcan, B., Thunström, E. Ö., & Peker, Y. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106497 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms Linking Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk
Gomez, R., Sun, W., Shyy, M., Ou, Y.-S. J., Sihota, A., Liu, B., Mesarwi, O. A., & Malhotra, A. (2026) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.125.322874 · Cited by 3
Powlson, A., Annamalai, A. K., Moir, S., Webb, A., Bala, L., Graggaber, J., Kandasamy, N., Koulouri, O., Halsall, D. J., Shneerson, J. M., et al. (2023) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14994 · Cited by 3
Wei, Z., Tian, L., Xu, H., Li, C., Wu, K., Zhu, H., Guan, J., Yu, Y., Qian, D., & Li, X. (2024) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-024-00816-w · Cited by 4
Prevalence of Sleep Apnea in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
Nahorecki, A., Postrzech-Adamczyk, K., Święcicka–Klama, A., Skomro, R., & Szuba, A. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2019_397 · Cited by 3
Lu, Y., Weng, Y., Huang, Y., Huang, H.-Y., Cheng, P., Hsieh, H., & Tsai, M. (2021) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01759-1 · Cited by 3
Park, I. R., Chung, Y. G., Chung, S. M., Moon, J. S., Yoon, J. S., & Won, K. C. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322897 · Cited by 3
Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of cardiovascular disease
Магомедова, Н. М., Rublevskoe shosse, 1., & Golukhova, E. (2016) · Kreativnaya kardiologiya · doi:10.15275/kreatkard.2016.03.03 · Cited by 4
Obstructive sleep apnea and atherosclerosis—update 2019
Biener, L., Pizarro, C., Nickenig, G., & Skowasch, D. (2019) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-019-0194-8 · Cited by 3
Rong, Y., Wu, Q., Tang, J., Liu, Z., Lv, Q., Ye, X., Dong, Y. J., Zhang, Y., Li, G., & Wang, S. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/4463108 · Cited by 3
Fan, Z., Dong, L., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Qiao, T., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., & Song, D. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 3
Zhao, A., Hao, B., Liu, S., Qiu, X., Ming, X., Yang, X., Cai, J., Li, Z., & Chen, X. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s475534 · Cited by 2
The Physiological Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease
Dakterzada, F., Montero-Castilla, N., Carnes, A., & Piñol‐Ripoll, G. (2025) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-025-00340-0 · Cited by 2
Li, G., Deng, M., He, G., Jiang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhou, C., Xu, W., Feng, T., Zeng, W., Peng, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1597820 · Cited by 2
Association of lipoprotein levels with sleep apnea: role of autonomic dysfunction
Šiarnik, P., Penesová, A., Rádiková, Ž., Hlucháňová, A., Hanus, O., Klobučníková, K., Turčáni, P., & Kollár, B. (2021) · Endocrine Regulations · doi:10.2478/enr-2021-0004 · Cited by 2
Epidemiology of Insufficient Sleep
Grandner, M. A. (2022) · Translational medicine research · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2168-2_5 · Cited by 2
Lack of direct association between viral hepatitis and sleep disturbances
Lin, S.-J., Tang, S.-C. J., Lee, Y.-C., Liu, T., Huang, T.-C., Yu, R., & Tan, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.951762 · Cited by 2
Hu, X., Xu, J., & Gu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1433884 · Cited by 2
Takahashi, N., Takahashi, Y., Murase, K., Nagata, K., Nakatani, Y., Hamada, S., Sunadome, H., Togawa, J., Hirai, T., Chin, K., et al. (2025) · Respiratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2025.06.010 · Cited by 2
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Back and Forward in Time Over the Last 25 Years
Quan, S. F. (2012) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 2
Shehab-Eldin, W. A., & El-Habashy, M. M. (2019) · Egyptian Journal of Bronchology · doi:10.4103/ejb.ejb_57_18 · Cited by 2
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Level Affect Executive Function Rather than Attention
Harahap, H. S., & Indrayana, Y. (2018) · Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · doi:10.15294/kemas.v14i2.14685 · Cited by 2
Obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia: pathophysiological mechanisms
Olafiranye, O., & Adedayo, A. M. (2012) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0773-4 · Cited by 2
Self-citationPathophysiological Mechanisms Linking Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Dongol, E. M., Hamdan, F. R. A., Ahmed, O., Abdel-Aziz, R. H., Younes, M., & Toghan, R. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Research · doi:10.17241/smr.2025.02859 · Cited by 1
Elevated monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio predicts severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Ahmed, A. M., Nur, S. M., Li, L., Hassan, A. E., & Xiaochen, Y. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000045795 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y., Cai, J., Liu, M., Wang, Y., Zhao, H., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1691429 · Cited by 1
Obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia: importance of the liver axis
Mirrakhimov, A. E., & Mirrakhimov, E. M. (2012) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0772-5 · Cited by 1
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Metabolic Syndrome
Polimeni, L., Ben, M. D., Baratta, F., Pastori, D., & Angelico, F. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00019-3 · Cited by 1
Study of dyslipidemia in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in primary health care
Ferraro, J., Rosendo, I., Santiago, L. M., & Simões, J. A. (2021) · Family Medicine & Primary Care Review · doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103150 · Cited by 1
Can Monocyte to HDL Ratio be a new Marker for Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?
Yousef, A. M., & El‐Jawhari, J. J. (2020) · Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports · doi:10.47363/jprr/2020(2)109 · Cited by 1
Aksakal, A., Kerget, B., Özkan, H. B., Araz, Ö., Uçar, E. Y., Sağlam, L., & Laloğlu, E. (2024) · Tuberkuloz ve Toraks · doi:10.5578/tt.202401869 · Cited by 1
NaKtide Targeted to Adipocytes Ameliorates Western Diet Induced Obesity
Pratt, R. D. (2019) · Cited by 1
Mild Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Zeineddine, S., Martin, J. L., & Badr, M. S. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00162-x · Cited by 1
Association of Lipid Profile with Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Šiarnik, P., Kollár, B., Filippi, P., Klobučníková, K., Hlucháňová, A., Žitňanová, I., & Turčáni, P. (2020) · Journal of Stroke Medicine · doi:10.1177/2516608520919211 · Cited by 1
Obstructive sleep apnea: Looking at the whole picture
Mirrakhimov, A. E., & Mirrakhimov, E. M. (2012) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2012.09.009
Hyperuricemia and non-dipping blood pressure
Marrone, O., & Bonsignore, M. R. (2013) · International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease · doi:10.2147/ijnrd.s55750
Apnea obstructiva del sueño y cardiopatía isquémica. Las evidencias de su relación
González-Pliego, J. A., Hernández-Gordillo, D., Castañeda-Barragan, E. A., García-Lamas, L., & Guzmán-Sánchez, C. M. (2015) · Archivos de cardiología de México · doi:10.1016/j.acmx.2014.05.006
Effet du Valsartan sur 3 marqueurs inflammatoires chez le sujet SAOS : comparaison à la CPAP
Béhouche, A. (2013) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Behavioural Obesity Management in Adult Patients
Cayanan, E. A. (2015) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
le sujet SAOS : comparaison a la CPAP
Béhouche, A. (2013)
Edwards, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Cardiology & Current Research · doi:10.15406/jccr.2016.07.00240
Sleep and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults
Hamidi, A. (2018) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.4225/23/5ad43549ee0cf
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome: New Directions in this Association
Oliveira e Silva, L. (2018) · Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal · doi:10.19080/crdoj.2018.05.555660
Relationship between Sleep and Lipid Metabolism
Miyata, S., Noda, A., Iwamoto, K., & Ozaki, N. (2019) · Oleoscience · doi:10.5650/oleoscience.19.285
Cardiovascular Dısease Risk in Patients with Obstructıve Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Ölmez, H., & Işık, N. A. (2019) · Galician Medical Journal · doi:10.21802/gmj.2019.4.4
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as metabolic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea
Ninić, A., Zdravkovic, M. D., Radosavljević, V., Gardijan, V., Memon, L., Vekić, J., & Spasojević‐Kalimanovska, V. (2020) · Arhiv za farmaciju · doi:10.5937/arhfarm70-27586
HUBUNGAN UKURAN ANTROPOMETRI DENGAN DERAJAT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Tori, M., Suryawati, H., & Husni, A. (2018) · Majalah Kedokteran Neurosains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia · doi:10.52386/neurona.v35i2.107
Computer-aided diagnosis of sleep apnea using gene expression
Bayrak, T., & Oğul, H. (2021) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-021-00557-3
Assessment of endothelial function in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Ba, F., Fatou, B. S., & Ba, A. (2021) · Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology · doi:10.5897/jpap2021.0142
A Review of Comorbidity Mechanisms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
石, 彤. (2022) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2022.123243
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Vascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Tahrani, A. A. (2015) · US Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/use.2015.11.02.110
Mosiewicz, J., Brożyna-Tkaczyk, K., Reichert, E., Myśliński, W., Panasiuk, L., Jaroszyński, A., & Mosiewicz-Madejska, B. (2023) · Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.26444/aaem/177205 · Cited by 1
Chen, K., Zou, Z., Lou, Y., Mei, R., Liu, Z., Xu, B., He, W., & Song, J. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4600691/v1
Impact of snoring on the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus
Jung, E., Ju, U. C., Ryu, H. H., & Kim, H. L. (2024) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-024-03131-z
PhD, L. S. S., & MD, S. N. K. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394323128.ch16
Alfaiz, A., Shabbir, M., Alotaibi, M. D., Almarshad, F., Alammar, M. A., & Ahsan, Z. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.87193
Matsumoto, T., & Chin, K. (2025) · Respiratory disease series · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6030-8_4
Liu, Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, P., & Chen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1648807
Tian, Y., Li, D., Mu, H., Wei, S., & Guo, D. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23536021
Wei, Z., Tian, L., Xu, H., Li, C., Wu, K., Zhu, H., Guan, J., Yu, Y., Qian, D., & Li, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26741993
Wei, Z., Tian, L., Xu, H., Li, C., Wu, K., Zhu, H., Guan, J., Yu, Y., Qian, D., & Li, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26157226
Wei, Z., Tian, L., Xu, H., Li, C., Wu, K., Zhu, H., Guan, J., Yu, Y., Qian, D., & Li, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26157579
Saravi, M. N., Movahed, M. R., Hashemzadeh, M., Ravindran, R., Coe, A., & Hashemzadeh, M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.29.25343183
Analysis of biomarkers in the Human Phenotype Project using disease models from UK Biobank
Pellow, D., Geva, G. A., Godneva, A., Reisner, Y., Talmor‐Barkan, Y., & Segal, E. (2026) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2025.100993
Stauffer, É. (2021) · doi:10.70675/65143700zc6e4z45e0z8273z3a91bb022450
Wen, T., He, B., Ma, M., & Ma, L. (2026) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s601153
Zhiyuan, Z., & Shan, S. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.05.09.26352793
Felice, M. D., Pascazio, A., Piccarducci, R., Germelli, L., Cirinciani, M., Fusi, J., Cintoli, S., Ulivi, M., Trincavelli, M. L., Franzoni, F., et al. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-05935-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Adedayo, A. M., Olafiranye, O., Smith, D., Hill, A., Zizi, F., Brown, C., & Jean-Louis, G.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olafiranye, Oladipupo
- Venue
- Sleep and Breathing
- Published
- 2012-08-18
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-18
- ISSN
- 1520-9512 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1709
- PMC
- PMC4805366
- OpenAlex
- W2117765532
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Sleep And Breathing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R25HL105444, R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD004113)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Apelin-related biomedical research
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, intermittent hypoxia, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, sympathetic dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk, pathophysiological mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Risk Factors, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, Sympathetic Nervous System, Lipid Peroxidation, Comorbidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Dyslipidemias, Atherosclerosis, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review