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Temperature and risk of infectious diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abstract
Infectious diarrhea (ID) is an intestinal infectious disease including cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, bacterial and amebic dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea. There are many studies that have explored the relationship between ambient temperature and the spread of infectious diarrhea, but the results are inconsistent. It is necessary to systematically evaluate the impact of temperature on the incidence of ID. This study was based on the PRISMA statement to report this systematic review. We conducted literature searches from CNKI, VIP databases, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The number registered in PROSPERO is CRD42021225472. After searching a total of 4915 articles in the database and references, 27 studies were included. The number of people involved exceeded 7.07 million. The overall result demonstrated when the temperature rises, the risk of infectious diarrhea increases significantly (RR cumulative=1.42, 95%CI: 1.07-1.88, RR single-day=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14). Subgroup analysis found the effect of temperature on the bacillary dysentery group (RR cumulative=1.85, 95%CI: 1.48-2.30) and unclassified diarrhea groups (RR cumulative=1.18, 95%CI: 0.59-2.34). The result of the single-day effect subgroup analysis was similar to the result of the cumulative effect. And the sensitivity analysis proved that the results were robust. This systematic review and meta-analysis support that temperature will increase the risk of ID, which is helpful for ID prediction and early warning in the future.
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“Some studies from South Asian countries have identified increased rates of infectious diseases such as diarrhea [64][65][66][67] and cholera [68,69] with an increase in temperature.”
From Heatwaves in South Asia: Characterization, Consequences on Human Health, and Adaptation Strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [66]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, M., Ding, X., Wu, Y., & Sun, Y.
- Affiliations
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Yehuan
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2021-07-15
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 68144-68154
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W3179491737
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Public Health and Environmental Issues
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Keywords
- infectious diarrhea, ambient temperature, heat exposure, cholera, shigellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, amoebic dysentery, early warning
- MeSH terms
- Cholera, Diarrhea, Humans, Temperature, Typhoid Fever, Incidence
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