Bioremediation of heavy metals by an unexplored bacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana strain GTZY isolated from aerobic-biofilm wastewater system
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Abstract
Abstract We prompted first to characterize a wastewater bacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana GTZY, that efficiently transforms toxic mercury and arsenic and to explore its bioremediation capability and to reveal their relevant gene resistance operons. The Isolated strain was characterized for its phylogenetic, biochemical and phenotypic properties. The strain GTZY potentially removed 84.3% of mercury and their mercury volatilization (Hg(II) to Hg(0)) was confirmed using X-ray film method, and its respective merA gene was PCR amplified. In addition, strain GTZY was efficiently removed arsenate (68.5%) and arsenite (63.2%), and showed resistance up to >175 and >55 mM, respectively. Their genomic annotations were disclosed the linkage of Tn2-transposon and int1 in both ends of meroperon (merAPTR). The co-existence of arsP and arsH proteins in its intrinsic ars operon (arsCPRH) was extremely diverse from its ancestral species. We believe that mercury resistance-conferring meroperon of P. mexicana GTZY presumably derived horizontally from other species in the reactor, while arsenic resistance-conferring intrinsic ars operon was highly diversified and evolved from its ancestral species. By considering the potential of the strain GTZY to transform heavy metals, this can be used to recover contaminated sites.
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Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana GTZY achieved 68.5% removal of arsenate and 63.2% of arsenite, with resistance levels exceeding 175 mM and 55 mM, respectively.
“In addition, it achieved 68.5% removal of arsenate and 63.2% of arsenite, with resistance levels exceeding 175 mM and 55 mM, respectively.”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana GTZY removed 84.3% of mercury through Hg(II) volatilization, confirmed via merA gene amplification.
“Abdul Raheem et al. [3] reported that GTZY removed 84.3% of mercury through Hg(II) volatilization, confirmed via merA gene amplification.”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Eckley CS, Gilmour CC, Janssen S, et al (2020) The assessment and remediation of mercury contaminated sites: A review of current approaches. Sci Total Environ 707:136031
- Jobby R, Jha P, Yadav AK, Desai N (2018) Biosorption and biotransformation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]: A comprehensive review. Chemosphere 207:255-266
- Raj D, Maiti SK (2019) Sources, toxicity, and remediation of mercury: an essence review. Environ Monit Assess 191:566
- Wang L, Hou D, Cao Y, et al (2020) Remediation of mercury contaminated soil, water, and air: A review of emerging materials and innovative technologies. Environ Int 134:105281
- Wuana RA, Okieimen FE (2011) Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecol 2011:1-20
Cited by
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Qattan, S. Y. A. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01103-y · Cited by 109 · see citing works
- Authors
- Abdul Raheem, N., Selvaraj, G.-K., Karuppanan, K., Ganesan, G., Soorangkattan, S., Subramanian, B., Ramamurthy Baluraj, S., Rajaiah, D. K., & Hasan, I.
- Affiliations
- St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
- The Madura College (IN)
- University of Ulsan (KR)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Selvaraj, Ganesh-Kumar
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2024-08-08
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 22036-22050
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W4401430998
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- King Saud University (RSPD2024R670)
- State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana, mercury bioremediation, arsenic bioremediation, heavy metal resistance, mer operon, ars operon, mercury volatilization, merA gene, transposon insertion, horizontal gene transfer, bacterial strain characterization, contaminated site remediation
- MeSH terms
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Mercury, Operon, Phylogeny, Biofilms, Metals, Heavy, Xanthomonadaceae, Wastewater
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