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Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey
Open accessAbstract
The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of an infectious disease called COVID-19 which has drawn global intensive attention. While global attention is largely focusing on the effects of the coronavirus on physical health, the impacts of the coronavirus on psychological health cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Data were collected by convenience sampling method, which allowed us to reach total 1304 participants, aged between 18 and 64 years, from 75 cities in Turkey. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω, Guttmann's λ6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. Additionally, the mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and life satisfaction was tested. The uni-dimensionality of the 7-item scale was confirmed on a Turkish sample. Item Response Theory revealed that all items were coherent and fit with the model. The results indicated that the Turkish version of the scale had satisfactory reliability coefficients. The fear of COVID-19 was found to be associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction. Results indicated that the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had strong psychometric properties. This scale will allow mental health professionals to do research on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 in Turkey.
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“Most people in Turkey have had difficult and unenjoyable experiences (mild to severe levels) based on various factors (e.g., province, SES, and history of mental health) during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (8,11,18).”
From A proposed framework based on literature review of online contextual mental health services to enhance wellbeing and address psychopathology during covid-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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“Furthermore, mental health issues including depression, stress, anxiety (3-8), fear (9-11), physical isolation and feeling alone (12), behavioral issues (4,13), possible posttraumatic stress disorders (3), and burnout (14) can affect large numbers of individuals if these issues are not well addressed.”
From A proposed framework based on literature review of online contextual mental health services to enhance wellbeing and address psychopathology during covid-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Yıldız Technical University (TR)
- ORCID
- Deniz, M. Engin
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2020-05-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1980-1988
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- PMC
- PMC7207987
- OpenAlex
- W3022270830
- Cited by
- 922
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 239 · 2021: 286 · 2020: 97
- FWCI
- 79.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sakarya Üniversitesi Kurumsal Açık Akademik Arşivi (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Fear of COVID-19 Scale, COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress, life satisfaction, scale adaptation, Turkish adaptation, psychometric properties, mediation, psychological impact of pandemic, mental health
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