Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19, Psychopathology and Sociodemographic Variables in Malaysian Population
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 has affected Malaysia in multitude aspects. Although Malaysia is on the right track to flatten the curve attributed to swift and decisive actions by the government, it is important to assess the psychological after effect that caused by the pandemic and the movement control order. This study performed in Borneo, Malaysia, was conducted using principles of snowballing, and by invitation through university students and staffs mailing list to participate. The survey collected data on sociodemographic, along with measuring psychological impact by using the newly validated Malay version Fear of COVID-19 Scale and DASS-21 scale. There were a total of 255 respondents. The majority of the respondents' age was 25 years and below, with a female male ratio of 2:1 and around 70% respondents were students. Below 25-year-old age group, and females are having significantly higher levels of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress. Single people have higher depression level. There was a significant difference between students and non-students for depression, anxiety, and stress, but not for fear of COVID-19. It is imperative to allay the fears and psychological sequalae of COVID-19, especially those individuals at higher risks. Psychological interventions as well as telepsychiatry mobilisation could prove useful in dealing with the distress.
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These symptoms were shown to persist or increase over time.
“These symptoms were shown to persist or increase over time.”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
The paper says fear remained prevalent and Malaysians were still psychologically affected, which supports an ongoing mental-health burden. But its Discussion describes an increasing wave of symptoms as a prediction, and explicitly says the study was cross-sectional; it did not show that symptoms persisted or increased over time. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMultiple studies in similar groups demonstrate psychological distress during enforced quarantines and movement restriction.
“there have been multiple studies in similar groups that demonstrate psychological distress during enforced quarantines and movement restriction [28,29,30].”
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References 19 · Cited by 72
- Authors
- Kassim, M. A. M., Pang, N. T. P., Mohamed, N. H., Kamu, A., Ho, C. M., Ayu, F., Rahim, S. S. S. A., Omar, A., & Jeffree, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Universiti of Malaysia Sabah (MY)
- Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (ID)
- Corresponding author
- Pang, Nicholas Tze Ping
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2021-01-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1303-1310
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- PMC
- PMC7790330
- OpenAlex
- W3120069451
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 18
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UMS Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, fear of COVID-19, psychopathology, depression, anxiety, stress, Movement Control Order, sociodemographic factors, university students, DASS-21, psychological distress, Borneo
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